Disclaimer Please prepare for certification testing with materials from the organization in which you want your certification granted i.e.: ·AOA JCAHPO ·ABO ·NCLE ■OT
Please prepare for certification testing with materials from the organization in which you want your certification granted i.e.: AOA JCAHPO ABO NCLE OT
Outline The Visual System Physiology Ametropias Ophthalmic Lenses Properties of Light UV,Visible,and Infrared Spectrums Reflection,Refraction,Absorption ·Aberrations Lens Designs ·Fitting Basic Optical Formulas
The Visual System ▪ Physiology ▪ Ametropias Ophthalmic Lenses ▪ Properties of Light ▪ UV, Visible, and Infrared Spectrums ▪ Reflection, Refraction, & Absorption ▪ Aberrations ▪ Lens Designs ▪ Fitting Basic Optical Formulas
The Visual System There are two main refractive bodies in the human eye... Cornea Crystalline Lens
There are two main refractive bodies in the human eye... Cornea Crystalline Lens
The Visual System Cornea The cornea is the primary refractive element in the eye... ..with a power of around +42-44 diopters
The cornea is the primary refractive element in the eye... Cornea ... with a power of around +42-44 diopters
The Visual System Cornea The tear film maintains both the health and optics of the cornea
The tear film maintains both the health and optics of the cornea... Cornea
The Visual System Crystalline Lens The crystalline lens has a power of around +12-18 diopters... ...it is primarily responsible for changing the eye's focal point...a term referred to as accommodation
The crystalline lens has a power of around +12-18 diopters... Crystalline Lens ...it is primarily responsible for changing the eye’s focal point…a term referred to as accommodation
The Visual System The retina is the "film"or sensory body... Retina
The retina is the “film” or sensory body... Retina
The Visual System Retina Light is converted to electrical impulses which are sent Fovea through the optic nerve... ...the "blind spot"is the point at which the optic nerve connects Optic Macula Disc
Light is converted to electrical impulses which are sent through the optic nerve... Retina ...the “blind spot” is the point at which the optic nerve connects Fovea Macula Optic Disc
The Visual System Eye Movement or ocular motility The eye is connected to the orbit by several muscles which control movement... Orbit
The eye is connected to the orbit by several muscles which control movement... Eye Movement or ocular motility Orbit
Visual Anomalies Ametropias In a"normal"eye,parallel light is brought to a focus on the retina... ...an eye free of refractive error is called "emmetropic
Ametropias In a “normal” eye, parallel light is brought to a focus on the retina... ...an eye free of refractive error is called “emmetropic
