General conclusion reelne trees mereneayauiertoma 出密42m General conclusions General conclusions/Perspective The cold treelines will shift upwards to The persistence and development of various changed by climate warming esp.winter km pe r:star raio to carbon balance. 1111 Modeled Climate-Induced Glacier and Vegetation Change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100 http://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/images/glacier_animation_slow.gif 30 General conclusion • Nitrogen Nitrogen does not seem likely to limit growth and development of growth and development of the alpine the alpine treeline treeline trees • The t li ree ne t ff f rees may su rees may suffer from a winter carbon shortage Li MH et al. 2008. Tree Physiology 28, 1287-1296 Li MH et al. 2008. Plant, Cell & Environment 31, 1377-1387 General conclusions The cold The cold treelines treelines will shift upwards to will shift upwards to higher elevations, or northwards to higher latitudes as winter carbon latitudes as winter carbon-balance will be balance will be changed by climate warming esp. winter warming (reached averaging 6.1 km per decade towards the poles (or 6.1 m per decade upwards) in the past) Parmesan C, Yohe G. 2003. Nature 421, 37–42 Li MH et al. 2006. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 48, 255-259 Li MH et al. 2008. Tree Physiology 28, 1287-1296 Li MH et al. 2008. Plant, Cell & Environment 31, 1377-1387 General General conclusions conclusions/Perspective Perspective The persistence and development of various persistence and development of various treeline treeline trees in a harsh alpine environment trees in a harsh alpine environment may depend not only on a minimum level of the total NSC concentration, but also on a sufficiently high sugar:starch sugar:starch ratio to overwinter successfully, and on a balanced source-sink relationship sink relationship to maintain a positive carbon balance. Li MH et al. 2002. Trees 16, 331-337 Li MH et al. 2008. Tree Physiology 28, 1287-1296 Li MH et al. 2008. Plant, Cell & Environment 31, 1377-1387