the s f Picea abies Larix decidua Each species is likely to respond to mate change in its own way: mountain slopes. .Elevaion (1970)Blevation (1952)Eeva Dupouey et al.1997 L2007.00-0●283-.187- 10 10 R2 = 0.86 R2 = 0.94 R2 = 0.27 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Age of trees (years) Annual height increment (cm) 1680 m 1800 m 1940 m 1680 m 1800 m 1940 m 350 400 ) 1680m 1680 m Mean annual height increment and cumulative height of Picea abies trees growing at the treeline compared to lower R2 = 0.86 R2 = 0.98 R2 = 0.99 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Age of trees (years) Mean height of trees (cm) 1680m 1800m 1940m 1940 m 1800 m compared to lower elevations in the Schmirn Valley, Austrian Alps. Li MH et al. 2003. Can. J. For. Res. 33, 653-662 R2 = 0.81 R2 = 0.64 R2 = 0.87 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Age of trees (years) Annual height increment (cm) 1680m 1810m 1940m 1680 m 1810 m 1940 m 700 1680 Mean annual height increment and cumulative height of Larix decidua trees growing at the treeline compared Age of trees (years) R2 = 0.93 R2 = 0.98 R2 = 0.96 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 10 15 20 25 30 Age of trees (years) Mean height of trees (cm) 1680 m 1810 m 1940 m 1680 m 1940 m 1810 m treeline compared to lower elevations in the Schmirn Valley, Austrian Alps. Li MH et al. 2003. Can. J. For. Res. 33, 653-662 0 1 2 3 4 5 Tree ring width (mm) 1680 m 1800 m 1940 m 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tree ring width (mm) 1680 m 1810 m 1940 m Picea abies Larix decidua 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 Year 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 Year Mean tree ring width of trees growing at the treeline compared to lower elevations in the Schmirn Valley, Austrian Alps. Li MH et al. 2003. Can. J. For. Res. 33, 653-662 Location Authors, year Species Upword shift (m) Period (year) Rate (m/yr) South Island, New Zealand Wardle & Coleman, 1992 Nothofagus menziesii, N. solandri 7-9 1930-90 0.12-0.15 Italian Alps Leonelli et al. 2010 115 1901-2000 1.15 Glacier N.P. Montana Bekker, 2005 Picea engelmannii, Pinus contorta, Abies lasciocarpa 7-16 1800-1980 0.28-0.62 Sunwapta Pass, Alberta Luckman & Kavanagh, 2000 P. engelmannii, A. lasciocarpa 145 1700-1994 0.5 Uinta Mts. UT Munroe, 2003 P. engelmannii, A. lasciocarpa 61-183 1870-2001 0.5-1.4 SW Yukon Danby & Hik, 2007 Picea glauca 65-85 1920-2005 0.8-1.0 Scands Mts, Sweden Kullman, 2001 Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies 100-165 1915-2000 1.2-1.9 Kootenay NP, B.C. Roush, 2009 Larix lyallii, P. engelmannii, A. lasciocarpa 149 1909-1976 2.2-5.7 W. Himalayas of India Dubey et al. 2003 14-19 Over 10 yrs 1.4-1-9 Baima Snow Mt, Yunnan Baker & Moseley, 2007 67 Since 1923 Nanda Devi in C. Himalaya Panigrahy et al., 2010 300 Since 1960 Himalayas, Nepal Vijayaprakash & Ansari, 2009 Abies spectabilis N-aspect South-asp. 1.7 (N-s) 2.3 (S-s) Species No. Elevation (1970) Elevation (1992) Elevational shift (m) Vaccinium uliginosum 11 2216 2216 0 Each species is likely to respond to climate change in its own way: Vaccinium vitis-idaea 30 1898 1885 -13 Vaccinium myrtillus 31 1972 2002 30 Rhododendron ferrugineum 30 2098 2098 0 Pinus cembra 31 2064 2005 -59 Hieracium pilosella 13 1851 1930 79 Scleropodium purum 26 1425 1630 205 Dupouey et al. 1997 Species-specific treeline shifts (m) over different periods of time, separately for two mountain slopes. Kullman L, 2007. Geo-Öko 28 (3-4), 187-221