30 G Hoch Ch Komer (2005)Funet Ecol 19.941-951 reux-du-Van.Swiss Jura Mts.1190r 10 5 99 30 40 50 ntrations (mg cm3) Branchwood Branchwood Stemwood Stemwood 120 160 200 Leaves ab b a a a a a a a Polylepis tarapacana, Volcano Sajama, Bolivia 30 40 50 Starch 0 10 20 NSC concen 4360 4550 4810 Elevation (m a.s.l.) 0 40 80 G Hoch & Ch Körner (2005) Funct Ecol 19, 941-951 4360 4550 4810 4360 4550 4810 0 10 20 Sugars c time (h) 20 30 ling time (h) 200 300 Mitotic time Cell doubling time 100 esis (%) Mitotic Temperature (°C) 0 10 Cell doub 0 100 0 10 20 30 40 Ch Körner (2003) Alpine Plant Life. Springer, Berlin 50 Net-photosynthe photosynth 1400 m a.s.l.. 1150 m a.s.l.. Air erature (｡C) 5 10 15 20 25 Creux-du-Van, Swiss Jura Mts, 1190 m Van, Swiss Jura Mts, 1190 m Picea abies Reference forest Dwarf forest Tempe 0 Year 2002 0 5 10 April May June July August Sept. October October 15 Soil Ch Körner, G Hoch (2006) Arct Antarct Alp Res 38, 113-119 Reference forest Dwarf forest Height / tree-ring growth of Pinus cembra trees (treeline vs. lower elevations) Li MH & Yang J, 2004. Ann. For. Sci. 61: 319-325 0 10 20 30 40 50 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 Year Tree ring width (0.1mm) 2080m 2040m 1990m 1970m 1910m