厉青峰等：脉动热管的理论研究与应用新进展 ·1123· 还可以将脉动热管应用在低温环境下，使装置内部 mal performance of three-dimensional oscillating heat pipe.Int J 的温度保持稳定[0-81] Heat Mass Transfer,2017,109:589 综上所述，脉动热管具有较高的传热性能和良 [5]Leu T S,Wu C H.Experimental studies of surface modified oscil. lating heat pipes.Heat Mass Transfer,2017,53(11):3329 好的环境适应性，已经在不同的工业领域得到了应 [6]Mameli M,Araneo L,Filippeschi S,et al.Thermal response of a 用.由于脉动热管的性能影响因素较多，使用环境 closed loop pulsating heat pipe under a varying gravity force.Int J 又复杂多样，因此需要结合实际应用场合进行脉动 Therm Sci,2014,80:11 热管的设计和优化. [7]Kim J,Kim S J.Experimental investigation on the effect of the condenser length on the thermal performance of a micro pulsating 5总结与展望 heat pipe.Appl Therm Eng,2018,130:439 [8]Han X H,Wang X H,Zheng H C,et al.Review of the develop- 通过以上对近年来脉动热管的最新研究与应用 ment of pulsating heat pipe for heat dissipation.Renecable Sus- 进展情况的回顾可以看出，脉动热管具有优秀的传 tainable Energy Rev,2016,59:692 热性能和复杂的工作机理，并且随着研究工作的不 [9]Nikolayev V S.Effect of tube heat conduction on the single branch 断发展和深入，已逐渐开始在工业生产领域得到应 pulsating heat pipe start-up.Int Heat Mass Transfer,2016,95: 用.但是还有一些关键技术问题需要进一步研究和 477 解决： [10]Cheng P,Ma H B.A mathematical model of an oscillating heat (1)目前所建立的理论模型对实际结构进行了 pipe.Heat Transfer Eng,2011,32(11-12):1037 [11]Gursel G,Frijns A J H,Homburg F G A,et al.A mass-spring- 大量的简化和假设，难以完整分析脉动热管的实际 damper model of a pulsating heat pipe with a non-uniform and 工作过程和各种参数对脉动热管性能的影响：需要 asymmetric filling.Appl Therm Eng,2015,91:80 建立更加详细的理论模型研究脉动热管的工作 [12]Kim S,Zhang Y W,Choi J.Effects of fluctuations of heating and 机理 cooling section temperatures on performance of a pulsating heat (2)目前对于脉动热管的仿真计算工作主要 pipe.Appl Therm Eng,2013,58(1-2):42 集中在启动和振荡循环过程阶段.随着计算流体 [13]Dilawar M,Pattamatta A.A parametric study of oscillatory two- phase flows in a single turn pulsating heat pipe using a non-iso- 力学理论和技术的不断发展和完善，可以对脉动 thermal vapor model.Appl Therm Eng,2013,51(1-2):1328 热管的实际工作过程进行更加完整和精确的模拟 [14]Li M N,Huang R J,Xu D,et al.Theoretical analysis of start-up 和分析. power in helium pulsating heat pipe//OP Conference Series: (3)在当前的性能影响因素研究中，通常仅考 Materials Science and Engineering,2017,171:012102 虑单一因素的变化对单一性能的影响，其变化也通 [15]Chiang C M,Chien K H,Chen H M,et al.Theoretical study of 常是离散的，而在实际结构中，不仅脉动热管的各项 oscillatory phenomena in a horizontal closed-loop pulsating heat 性能相互耦合，各参数之间也常常相互耦合并且连 pipe with asymmetrical arrayed minichannel.Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer,2012,39(7):923 续变化，需要更加深人、系统的研究不同因素对脉动 [16]Chen Y Q,Wu H Y.Experimental investigation on an atypical 热管性能的影响. oscillation in silicon-based micro-pulsating heat pipes.J Eng (4)脉动热管的工作原理复杂，影响参数多样， Thermophys,2013,34(9):1727 导致其设计难度较大.随着脉动热管在实际应用中 (陈娅琪，吴慧英.微型振荡热管非典型振荡的实验研究 的不断推广，迫切需要研究脉动热管的优化设计方 工程热物理学报，2013,34(9)：1727) 法，并开发专用软件进行脉动热管的辅助设计. [17]Mameli M,Marengo M,Khandekar S.Local heat transfer meas- urement and thermo-fluid characterization of a pulsating heat 参考文献 pipe.Int J Therm Sci,2014,75:140 [18]Hu W N,Zhou C P,Cui F L,et al.Numerical simulation of a [1]Fairley J D.Thompson M,Anderson D.Time-frequeney analy- single-loop flat plate pulsating heat pipe under unidirectional flow sis of flat-plate oscillating heat pipes.Int/Therm Sci,2015,91: condition.Cryo Supercond,2017,45(2):27 113 (胡伟男，周春鹏，崔付龙，等。单环路平板脉动热管定向循 [2]Patel V M,Gaurav,Mehta H B.Influence of working fluids on st- 环的数值研究.低温与超导，2017,45(2)：27) artup mechanism and thermal performance of a closed loop pulsa- [19]Wang Y X,Ding X Y.Performance study for new type of three- ting heat pipe.Appl Therm Eng,2017,110:1568 dimensional pulsating heat pipe.Chem Ind Eng Prog,2016,35 [3]Akachi H.Structure of a Heat Pipe:U.S.Patent,4921041. (8):2367 1990-5-1 (王亚雄，丁样云.新型三维脉动热管的性能.化工进展 [4]Qu J,Zhao JT.Rao Z H.Experimental investigation on the ther- 2016,35(8):2367)厉青峰等: 脉动热管的理论研究与应用新进展 还可以将脉动热管应用在低温环境下,使装置内部 的温度保持稳定[80鄄鄄81] . 综上所述,脉动热管具有较高的传热性能和良 好的环境适应性,已经在不同的工业领域得到了应 用. 由于脉动热管的性能影响因素较多,使用环境 又复杂多样,因此需要结合实际应用场合进行脉动 热管的设计和优化. 5 总结与展望 通过以上对近年来脉动热管的最新研究与应用 进展情况的回顾可以看出,脉动热管具有优秀的传 热性能和复杂的工作机理,并且随着研究工作的不 断发展和深入,已逐渐开始在工业生产领域得到应 用. 但是还有一些关键技术问题需要进一步研究和 解决: (1)目前所建立的理论模型对实际结构进行了 大量的简化和假设,难以完整分析脉动热管的实际 工作过程和各种参数对脉动热管性能的影响;需要 建立更加详细的理论模型研究脉动热管的工作 机理. (2)目前对于脉动热管的仿真计算工作主要 集中在启动和振荡循环过程阶段. 随着计算流体 力学理论和技术的不断发展和完善,可以对脉动 热管的实际工作过程进行更加完整和精确的模拟 和分析. (3)在当前的性能影响因素研究中,通常仅考 虑单一因素的变化对单一性能的影响,其变化也通 常是离散的,而在实际结构中,不仅脉动热管的各项 性能相互耦合,各参数之间也常常相互耦合并且连 续变化,需要更加深入、系统的研究不同因素对脉动 热管性能的影响. (4)脉动热管的工作原理复杂,影响参数多样, 导致其设计难度较大. 随着脉动热管在实际应用中 的不断推广,迫切需要研究脉动热管的优化设计方 法,并开发专用软件进行脉动热管的辅助设计. 参 考 文 献 [1] Fairley J D, Thompson S M, Anderson D. Time鄄鄄frequency analy鄄 sis of flat鄄plate oscillating heat pipes. Int J Therm Sci, 2015, 91: 113 [2] Patel V M, Gaurav, Mehta H B. Influence of working fluids on st鄄 artup mechanism and thermal performance of a closed loop pulsa鄄 ting heat pipe. Appl Therm Eng, 2017, 110: 1568 [3] Akachi H. Structure of a Heat Pipe: U. S. Patent, 4921041. 1990鄄鄄5鄄鄄1 [4] Qu J, Zhao J T, Rao Z H. Experimental investigation on the ther鄄 mal performance of three鄄dimensional oscillating heat pipe. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2017, 109: 589 [5] Leu T S, Wu C H. Experimental studies of surface modified oscil鄄 lating heat pipes. Heat Mass Transfer, 2017, 53(11): 3329 [6] Mameli M, Araneo L, Filippeschi S, et al. Thermal response of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe under a varying gravity force. Int J Therm Sci, 2014, 80: 11 [7] Kim J, Kim S J. Experimental investigation on the effect of the condenser length on the thermal performance of a micro pulsating heat pipe. Appl Therm Eng, 2018, 130: 439 [8] Han X H, Wang X H, Zheng H C, et al. Review of the develop鄄 ment of pulsating heat pipe for heat dissipation. Renewable Sus鄄 tainable Energy Rev, 2016, 59: 692 [9] Nikolayev V S. Effect of tube heat conduction on the single branch pulsating heat pipe start鄄up. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2016, 95: 477 [10] Cheng P, Ma H B. A mathematical model of an oscillating heat pipe. Heat Transfer Eng, 2011, 32(11鄄12): 1037 [11] G俟rsel G, Frijns A J H, Homburg F G A, et al. A mass鄄spring鄄 damper model of a pulsating heat pipe with a non鄄uniform and asymmetric filling. Appl Therm Eng, 2015, 91: 80 [12] Kim S, Zhang Y W, Choi J. Effects of fluctuations of heating and cooling section temperatures on performance of a pulsating heat pipe. Appl Therm Eng, 2013, 58(1鄄2): 42 [13] Dilawar M, Pattamatta A. A parametric study of oscillatory two鄄 phase flows in a single turn pulsating heat pipe using a non鄄iso鄄 thermal vapor model. Appl Therm Eng, 2013, 51(1鄄2): 1328 [14] Li M N, Huang R J, Xu D, et al. Theoretical analysis of start鄄up power in helium pulsating heat pipe / / IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, 171: 012102 [15] Chiang C M, Chien K H, Chen H M, et al. Theoretical study of oscillatory phenomena in a horizontal closed鄄loop pulsating heat pipe with asymmetrical arrayed minichannel. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer, 2012, 39(7): 923 [16] Chen Y Q, Wu H Y. Experimental investigation on an atypical oscillation in silicon鄄based micro鄄pulsating heat pipes. J Eng Thermophys, 2013, 34(9): 1727 (陈娅琪, 吴慧英. 微型振荡热管非典型振荡的实验研究. 工程热物理学报, 2013, 34(9): 1727) [17] Mameli M, Marengo M, Khandekar S. Local heat transfer meas鄄 urement and thermo鄄fluid characterization of a pulsating heat pipe. Int J Therm Sci, 2014, 75: 140 [18] Hu W N, Zhou C P, Cui F L, et al. Numerical simulation of a single鄄loop flat plate pulsating heat pipe under unidirectional flow condition. Cryo Supercond, 2017, 45(2): 27 (胡伟男, 周春鹏, 崔付龙, 等. 单环路平板脉动热管定向循 环的数值研究. 低温与超导, 2017, 45(2): 27) [19] Wang Y X, Ding X Y. Performance study for new type of three鄄 dimensional pulsating heat pipe. Chem Ind Eng Prog, 2016, 35 (8): 2367 (王亚雄, 丁祥云. 新型三维脉动热管的性能. 化工进展, 2016, 35(8): 2367) ·1123·