Content 5.0 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR FERMENTATION PROCESSES 547 5. 1 Temperature Limitation 547 5.2 High Viscosity 547 5.3 Long Supersaturation Time 548 5.4 Slow Crystal Growth Rate 548 6.0 METHOD OF CALCULATION 548 7.0 TROUBLESHOOTING 7. I Deposits 7. 2 Crystal Size Too Small 552 7.3 Insufficient Vacuum 553 7.4 Instrument Malfunction 7.5 Foaming 4 7.6 Pump Performance 555 8.0 SUMMARY 555 9.0 AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS 556 REFERENCES 557 12 Centrifugation…,,… Celeste l todaro 1.0 INTRODUCTION 558 2.0 THEORY 558 3.0 EQUIPMENT SELECTION 561 3. I Pilot Testing... 3.2 Data Collection 563 3. 3 Materials of Construction 4.0 COMPONENTS OF THE CENTRIFUGE 5.0 SEDIMENTATION CENTRIFUGES 6.0 TUBULAR-BOWL CENTRIFUGES 6. 1 Operation 7.0 CONTINUOUS DECANTER CENTRIFUGES (WITH CONVEYOR) 7. 1 Maintenance 570 7. 2 Typical Problem For Continuous Decanter Centrifuge with Conveyor 8.0 DISK CENTRIFUGES 571 8. 1 Operatic 8.2 Maintenance 572 9.0 FILTERING CENTRIFUGES VS SEDIMENTATION CENTRIFUGES 573 10.0 FILTERING CENTRIFUGES 573 11.0 VERTICAL BASKET CENTRIFUGES 575 I1 I ApplicationsContents xui 5.0 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR FERMENTATION PROCESSES .............. ............... 547 5.1 Temperature Limitation 547 5.3 Long Desupersaturation Time .............................. 5.4 Slow Crystal Growth Rate ..................... 6.0 METHOD OF CALCULATION ............................... 7.0 TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................ 7.1 Deposits ................................................................... 551 7.2 Crystal Size Too Small ................................................ 552 7.3 Insufficient Vacuum .................................................... 553 7.4 Instrument Malfimction ........................... ,554 7.5 Foaming ................................................................... 554 7.6 Pump Performance ...................................................... 555 .................................... 5.2 High Viscosity ............................................................ 547 8.0 SUMMARY ................................................................... 555 9.0 AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS ....... REFERENCES ...................... 12 Centrifugation ..................................................... 558 Celeste L Todaro 1 .O INTRODUCTION ............................... 3.0 EQUIPMENT SEL ................... 558 3.1 Pilot Testing ..... ......................... 4.0 COMPONENTS 5.0 SEDIMENTATI 6.0 TUBULAR-BO 6.1 Operation ............................................. 7.0 CONTINUOU 7.1 Maintenance ................ ............................ 8.1 Operation ........................................................ 8.2 Maintenance ............................ ....................... 572 9.0 FILTERING CENTRIFUGES VS.