Figure 9.3 Point ofpresences (POPs) IXCA IXCA IXCA Toll office Network Toll office IXC B IXC B IXC B Toll office Network Toll office POP POP POP Tandem Tandem offices offices End End offces offces LATA LATA 9.6 9.6 Figure 9.3 Point of presences (POPs)