students and the efforts they need for the improvement 11. Ask the students to do more practice after class and get ready for presentation during the next session Notes for Teachers Nasals, Approximants Lateral(s) In this unit, we will learn Nasals, approximants and lateral(s)in English Like the stops, the nasals are all made by closing the vocal tract at some point in the mouth. Unlike the stops or any other sounds in the language, there is an opening into the nasal cavity in the pronunciation so that the sound can be resonated through the nose. The nasal consonants are/m//n/ and// w/, /r/, and /j/are called approximants because it is an articulation in which the articulators approach each other but do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a"complete"consonant such as a stop, nasal or fricative the mouth does not go in the usual way along the centre of the tongue af air through // is called a"lateral "because during its pronunc iation, the passage /m,//&/ /m/ and /n/are simple, straight-forward consonants: the/m/ occurs at the front of the mouth and is grouped with the labials, the /n/ is produced on the upper gum ridge and is alveolar. The place of articulation of / is the same as that of /k/and /o/. It is made with the back of the tongue touching the soft palate. If we compare nasals witI stops, fricatives and affricates, we will find that the nasals present quite a different picture in that they have some vowel-like qualities they can be syllabic. Both/m/ and /n/ can occur in initial, medial, and final position in words. // however, never occurs in word-initial position Most Chinese EFL learners have no problems with /m/and // For/n/, however it is necessary to check for a// substitution because in some Chinese dialects, n] and U serve as free variants Allophonic variations of /m/: Lengthened, when an arresting /m/ is followed by a releasing//: some more The labiodnetal nasal, when followed by /f/: comfort Allophonic variations of /n/: Dentalized before a labiodental /f/ or /v/: invite Velarized before /k/or /y/: think Syllabic: button Lengthening, when/n/arrests and releases adjoining syllables: ten names Allophonic variations of // The alveolar [n], when followed by an alveolar: taking ten Syllabic: lock and keystudents and the efforts they need for the improvement. 11. Ask the students to do more practice after class and get ready for presentation during the next session. Notes for Teachers Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s) In this unit, we will learn Nasals, approximants and lateral(s) in English. Like the stops, the nasals are all made by closing the vocal tract at some point in the mouth. Unlike the stops or any other sounds in the language, there is an opening into the nasal cavity in the pronunciation so that the sound can be resonated through the nose. The nasal consonants are /m/, /n/, and //. /w/, /r/, and /j/ are called approximants because it is an articulation in which the articulators approach each other but do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a "complete" consonant such as a stop, nasal or fricative. /l/ is called a "lateral" because during its pronunciation, the passage of air through the mouth does not go in the usual way along the centre of the tongue. /m/, /n/ & // /m/ and /n/ are simple, straight-forward consonants: the /m/ occurs at the front of the mouth and is grouped with the labials, the /n/ is produced on the upper gum ridge and is alveolar. The place of articulation of // is the same as that of /k/ and //. It is made with the back of the tongue touching the soft palate. If we compare nasals with stops, fricatives and affricates, we will find that the nasals present quite a different picture in that they have some vowel-like qualities: they can be syllabic. Both /m/ and /n/ can occur in initial, medial, and final position in words. //, however, never occurs in word-initial position. Most Chinese EFL learners have no problems with /m/ and //. For /n/, however, it is necessary to check for a /l/ substitution because in some Chinese dialects, [n] and [l] serve as free variants. Allophonic variations of /m/: Syllabic: something Lengthened, when an arresting /m/ is followed by a releasing /m/: some more The labiodnetal nasal, when followed by /f/: comfort Allophonic variations of /n/: Dentalized before a labiodental /f/ or /v/:invite Velarized before /k/ or //: think Syllabic: button Lengthening, when /n/ arrests and releases adjoining syllables: ten names Allophonic variations of //: The alveolar [n], when followed by an alveolar: taking ten Syllabic: lock and key /w/ and /j/