250 Mol Genet Genomics(2015)290:239-255 have high expression levels in roots,which may be asso- Differential expression of BrMADS genes under stresses ciated with root development (Zhang and Forde 1998). There are some genes that are expressed in all of the six In the process of plant growth and development,plants tissues;these genes are BrMADS023,039,032 (TM3-like); are subject to various abiotic stresses.Thus.to identify the BrMADS065,(SVP);BrMADS080.096,104 (MAF):and stress-responsive BrMADS genes under cold,heat,GA,SA. BrMADS055 (AGL/8).SOC and SVP control the flower- and ABA treatments in the seedling stage,we performed ing time,although SOC is a positive regulator,in contrast comprehensive expression profiling of BrMIKC genes with SVP,FLC and MAF.AGL18 is a floral transition gene. using qRT-PCR(Supplementary Table 12),and the results The expression patterns of these genes may be related to are shown using the program TreeView.The expression their roles in plant growth and development.The MIKC* levels of several genes were upregulated,whereas most group genes had low expression levels in these six tissues, genes were downregulated or showed no change under except BrMADS/02.Perhaps,this gene is also involved in these treatments (Fig.7).Under ABA treatment,some the mediation of plant growth and development. genes were upregulated at 4 h but were downregulated at 8 b GA12h SA4h SA12h ABA4h ABA12h Heat4h Heat12h Cold4h Cold12h -3.00-2.00-1.000.001.002.003.00 -3.00-2.00 -1.000.001.002.00 3.00 Fig.7 Expression analysis of Chinese cabbage MIKC genes under tive expression levels of BrMIKCs in leaves under these stresses were five abiotic stresses.Heat map representation and hierarchical cluster- quantified against the control transcript levels.The bar at the bottom ing of BrMIKC genes during a GA and SA stresses,b ABA,cold and of each heat map represents relative expression values heat stresses.Every stress contains two times,4 and 12 h.The rela- Springer250 Mol Genet Genomics (2015) 290:239–255 1 3 have high expression levels in roots, which may be asso￾ciated with root development (Zhang and Forde 1998). There are some genes that are expressed in all of the six tissues; these genes are BrMADS023, 039, 032 (TM3-like); BrMADS065, (SVP); BrMADS080, 096, 104 (MAF); and BrMADS055 (AGL18). SOC and SVP control the flower￾ing time, although SOC is a positive regulator, in contrast with SVP, FLC and MAF. AGL18 is a floral transition gene. The expression patterns of these genes may be related to their roles in plant growth and development. The MIKC* group genes had low expression levels in these six tissues, except BrMADS102. Perhaps, this gene is also involved in the mediation of plant growth and development. Differential expression of BrMADS genes under stresses In the process of plant growth and development, plants are subject to various abiotic stresses. Thus, to identify the stress-responsive BrMADS genes under cold, heat, GA, SA, and ABA treatments in the seedling stage, we performed comprehensive expression profiling of BrMIKC genes using qRT-PCR (Supplementary Table 12), and the results are shown using the program TreeView. The expression levels of several genes were upregulated, whereas most genes were downregulated or showed no change under these treatments (Fig. 7). Under ABA treatment, some genes were upregulated at 4 h but were downregulated at Fig. 7 Expression analysis of Chinese cabbage MIKC genes under five abiotic stresses. Heat map representation and hierarchical cluster￾ing of BrMIKC genes during a GA and SA stresses, b ABA, cold and heat stresses. Every stress contains two times, 4 and 12 h. The rela￾tive expression levels of BrMIKCs in leaves under these stresses were quantified against the control transcript levels. The bar at the bottom of each heat map represents relative expression values