THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (revised to 2005) CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) 2005 IPA Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal Plosive p b t d d 2 Nasal m 四 n N Trill B r R Tap or Flap r Fricative φB f v θǚsz ∫3 Z S j x Y X B h h f Lateral fricative 15 Approximant Lateral 1 L approximant Where symbols appear in pairs,the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC) Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives ⊙ Bilabial 6 Bilabial Examples: Dental d Dental/alveolar P'Bilabial (Post)alveolar 于 Palatal r Dental/alveolar Palato alveolar g Velar k' Velar Alveolar lateral G Uvular Alveolar fricative VOWELS Front Central Back Close i世 Wu IY U Close-mid e0- 90—￥0 Open-mid exoe 3GΛ e E Open a Where symbols appear in pairs,the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. (Continued on inside back cover)THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (revised to 2005) CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) © 2005 IPA Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal Plosive p b t d † ∂ c Ô k g q G / Nasal m M n = ≠ N – Trill ı r R Tap or Flap | « Fricative F B f v T D s z S Z ß Ω C J x V X ‰ © ? h H Lateral fricative Ò L Approximant √ ® ’ j  Lateral approximant l  ¥ ˚ Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC) Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives > Bilabial ∫ Bilabial ' Examples: ñ Dental Î Dental/alveolar p' Bilabial < (Post) alveolar ˙ Palatal t' Dental/alveolar ¯ Palato alveolar ƒ Velar k' Velar Ñ Alveolar lateral Ï Uvular s' Alveolar fricative (Continued on inside back cover) 31269_00_IFC_PP.indd Sec1:2 11/20/09 7:36:58 PM Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part