爱我祖国,爱我清华! 2) He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars 他伸出双腿,露出腿上的道道伤痕 3) Note that the words“ velocity" and“ speed” require explanation. 请注意,“速度”和“速率”这两个词需要解释 4.用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚 1)Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。 2) This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electronic computers 这种在甚低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。 3)After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 一切准备工作就绪以后,飞机就起飞了 5.增加完善性或概括性的词语 1)Air pressure decreases with altitude 气压随海拔高度的增加而下降 2) According to scientists, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil 根据科学家们的看法,自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。 3)A runner from Kenya has won the 42 km Boston Marathon 肯尼亚的一位长跑选手赢得了波士顿42公里马拉松赛冠军。 6.重复性增词 1)Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity. 不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑 2)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble 我曾经遇到的情况要么氧气设备出故障,要么引擎出故障,或两者都出故障 3)A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither 质子带正电,电子带负电,而中子既不带正电,也不带负电。 7.修辞或连贯增词 1) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine 这部打字机真是价廉物美 2)They build roads, houses, bridges, ships, pipelines, and canals 他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河, 3)A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusion 科学家经常设法否定自己的假设,推翻自己的理论,并放弃自己的结论。 第五讲词语省略言简意赅 V.词语省略言简意赅 考题实例: While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modem practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. (1999 几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的定义,但现代实践与一种定义最接近,即认为历史就是试 图重现和解释过去的重大事件。 The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the big bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. (1998) 巨大的宇宙云的存在,实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位 所不可缺少的。 般来说,汉语较英语简练,因此时,许多在原文中必不可少的词语要是原原本本地译成汉 语,就会成为不必要的冗词,译文会显得十分累赘。省略法在英汉翻译中使用得非常广泛,其 主要目的是删去一些可有可无、不符合译文习惯表达法的词语。请看下面一例翻译试题爱我祖国，爱我清华！ 10 2) He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars. 他伸出双腿，露出腿上的道道伤痕。 3) Note that the words “velocity” and “speed” require explanation. 请注意，“速度”和“速率”这两个词需要解释。 4．用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚 1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。 2) This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electronic computers. 这种在甚低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。 3) After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。 5．增加完善性或概括性的词语 1) Air pressure decreases with altitude. 气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。 2) According to scientists, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. 根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用 500 年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。 3) A runner from Kenya has won the 42 km Boston Marathon． 肯尼亚的一位长跑选手赢得了波士顿 42 公里马拉松赛冠军。 6．重复性增词 1) Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity. 不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。 2) I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 我曾经遇到的情况要么氧气设备出故障，要么引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。 3) A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither. 质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。 7．修辞或连贯增词 1) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。 2) They build roads, houses, bridges, ships, pipelines, and canals. 他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河。 3) A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusion. 科学家经常设法否定自己的假设，推翻自己的理论，并放弃自己的结论。 第五讲 词语省略 言简意赅 V. 词语省略 言简意赅 考题实例：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modem practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. （1999） 几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的定义，但现代实践与一种定义最接近，即认为历史就是试 图重现和解释过去的重大事件。 The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. （1998） 巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位 所不可缺少的。 一般来说，汉语较英语简练，因此时，许多在原文中必不可少的词语要是原原本本地译成汉 语，就会成为不必要的冗词，译文会显得十分累赘。省略法在英汉翻译中使用得非常广泛，其 主要目的是删去一些可有可无、不符合译文习惯表达法的词语。请看下面一例翻译试题：