TNF are cytokines of inflammation and immune cell regulation.HPETE is an intermediate in the production of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid via lipooxygenase.Leukotrienes are very important molecules of inflammation. 6.A woman who is allergic to cats visits a neighbor who has several cats.During the visit,she inhales cat dander and within minutes.she develops nasal congestion with abundant nasal secretions.Which of the following substance is most likely to produce these symptoms? A.Bradykinin D ompler ment C5a E.Phospholipase C Ans:C Histamine induces endothelial contraction,gap formation,and edema leading to the abundant nasal secretions seen here.Bradykinin and related peptides have many functions,including inflammatory mediated pain responses.Complement C5a is a chemotactic agent,inducing leukocvte activation and mast cell degranulation.it is not the best choice here since it is more likely to mediate anaphylaxis,a life threatening reaction,instead of the minor symptoms described here.IL-I mediates fever.Phospholipase C is an enzyme use in the conversion of membrane lipids to arachidonic acid as part of an inflammatory response. 7.One month after an appendectomy,a 25-year-old woman palpates a small nodule beneath the skin at the site of the healed right lower quadrant incision The nodule is excised and microscopic examination sho macrop ages,collagen,a few small lymphocytes,and eated giant cells.Polarizable ractile material is s een in the r odule.Which of the following complications of the surgery best accounts for these finding? ron uture granuloma E.Ulceration Ans:D A nodule of macrophages surrounding necrotic material is a description of a granuloma and the presence at the skin just below the incision makes "surgical granuloma"the best choice. Abscess formation,chronic inflammation,or ulceration are processes that would have been accompanied by erythema,edema,and pain.Edema is not found in discrete nodules,rather it is merely a collection of fluid. -4- 4 - TNF are cytokines of inflammation and immune cell regulation. HPETE is an intermediate in the production of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid via lipooxygenase. Leukotrienes are very important molecules of inflammation. 6. A woman who is allergic to cats visits a neighbor who has several cats. During the visit, she inhales cat dander and within minutes, she develops nasal congestion with abundant nasal secretions. Which of the following substance is most likely to produce these symptoms? A. Bradykinin B. Complement C5a C. Histamine D. Interleukin-1 E. Phospholipase C Ans: C Histamine induces endothelial contraction, gap formation, and edema leading to the abundant nasal secretions seen here. Bradykinin and related peptides have many functions, including inflammatory mediated pain responses. Complement C5a is a chemotactic agent, inducing leukocyte activation and mast cell degranulation. It is not the best choice here since it is more likely to mediate anaphylaxis, a life threatening reaction, instead of the minor symptoms described here. IL-1 mediates fever. Phospholipase C is an enzyme use in the conversion of membrane lipids to arachidonic acid as part of an inflammatory response. 7. One month after an appendectomy, a 25-year-old woman palpates a small nodule beneath the skin at the site of the healed right lower quadrant incision. The nodule is excised, and microscopic examination shows macrophages, collagen, a few small lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. Polarizable, refractile material is seen in the nodule. Which of the following complications of the surgery best accounts for these finding? A. Abscess formation B. Chronic inflammation C. Edema D. Suture granuloma E. Ulceration Ans: D A nodule of macrophages surrounding necrotic material is a description of a granuloma and the presence at the skin just below the incision makes “surgical granuloma” the best choice. Abscess formation, chronic inflammation, or ulceration are processes that would have been accompanied by erythema, edema, and pain. Edema is not found in discrete nodules, rather it is merely a collection of fluid