of an RBC)with dense.dark nuclei with little to no visible eosinophilic cytoplasm.Macrophages are amoeboid cells with cytoplasmic granules (lysosomes)surrounding the large nucleus.Mast cells have basophilic nuclei surrounded by stippled cytoplasm of pre-formed granules. 4.A 63-year-old man develops worsening congestive heart failure 1 month after an acute myocardial infarction.An echocardiogram shows a markedly decreased ejection fraction.He dies six weeks after his acute myocardial infarct.At autopsy,a section of the infarct shows that the necrotic myocardium has largely been replaced by capillaries,fibroblasts,and collagen. Which of the following inflammatory cell types plays the most important role in the healing process by removing debris? A.Eosinophils C.Macrophages Plasmacytes Ans:C Macrophages arrive at damaged tissue afer neutrophils to conti ue to phagocytose cellular debris and initiate the repai process by re asing cytokines an ctants.Eosinoph lymphocytes,and plasma cells do not contribute to the removal of cellular debris.Neutrophils are most prevalent during the acute phase of inflammation,namely the first 24-hours. Macrophages subsequently arrive for phagocytosis and debris removal.However,neutrophils continue to participate in the inflammatory response until after the pathogenic organisms are completely removed.Thus,in a longstanding (chronic)active infection,both macrophages and neutrophils are present. 5.a 22-vear-old man develops marked right lower quadrant abdominal pain over the past dav On physical examination there is rebound tenderness on palpation over the right lower quadrant. Laparoscopie surgeryis performed,and the appendix is s and partly covered by a vellow ish e xudate it is removed and a microse ction sho ows infiltration with ophils.The pain experienced by this patien t is predominantly the result of the formation of which of the follow ing two cher edia Complement C3b and IgG Interlekn-and necrosis factor E.Prostaglandin and bradykinin Ans:E Prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin sensitize neurons to pain.Complement C3b and IgG are powerful opsonins of bacteria.Histamine and serotonin have both been implicated as causing pain from insect bites,however these are unlikely to be causing pain of appendicitis.IL-I and -3 - 3 - of an RBC) with dense, dark nuclei with little to no visible eosinophilic cytoplasm. Macrophages are amoeboid cells with cytoplasmic granules (lysosomes) surrounding the large nucleus. Mast cells have basophilic nuclei surrounded by stippled cytoplasm of pre-formed granules. 4. A 63-year-old man develops worsening congestive heart failure 1 month after an acute myocardial infarction. An echocardiogram shows a markedly decreased ejection fraction. He dies six weeks after his acute myocardial infarct. At autopsy, a section of the infarct shows that the necrotic myocardium has largely been replaced by capillaries, fibroblasts, and collagen. Which of the following inflammatory cell types plays the most important role in the healing process by removing debris? A. Eosinophils B. Lymphocytes C. Macrophages D. Neutrophils E. Plasmacytes Ans: C Macrophages arrive at damaged tissue after neutrophils to continue to phagocytose cellular debris and initiate the repair process by releasing cytokines and chemoattractants. Eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells do not contribute to the removal of cellular debris. Neutrophils are most prevalent during the acute phase of inflammation, namely the first 24-hours. Macrophages subsequently arrive for phagocytosis and debris removal. However, neutrophils continue to participate in the inflammatory response until after the pathogenic organisms are completely removed. Thus, in a longstanding (chronic) active infection, both macrophages and neutrophils are present. 5. A 22-year-old man develops marked right lower quadrant abdominal pain over the past day. On physical examination there is rebound tenderness on palpation over the right lower quadrant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed, and the appendix is swollen, erythematous, and partly covered by a yellowish exudate. It is removed, and a microscopic section shows infiltration with numerous neutrophils. The pain experienced by this patient is predominantly the result of the formation of which of the following two chemical mediators? A. Complement C3b and IgG B. Histamine and serotonin C. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor D. Leukotriene and HPETE E. Prostaglandin and bradykinin Ans: E Prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin sensitize neurons to pain. Complement C3b and IgG are powerful opsonins of bacteria. Histamine and serotonin have both been implicated as causing pain from insect bites, however these are unlikely to be causing pain of appendicitis. IL-1 and