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第11卷第4期 智能系统学报 Vol.11 No.4 2016年8月 CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems Aug.2016 D0I:10.11992/is.201606010 网络出版t地址:htp:/ww.cmki.net/kcms/detail/23.1538.TP.20160808.0831.028.html 效用三支决策模型 张楠,姜丽丽,岳晓冬2,周杰3 (1.烟台大学计算机与控制工程学院,山东烟台264005;2.上海大学计算机工程与科学学院,上海200444;3.中 联重科股份有限公司麓谷工业园研发中心,湖南长沙410205) 摘要:风险型决策通常受主观和客观两方面因素影响,决策过程中不仅需要遵从客观存在的风险信息,而且需要 发挥决策者的主观能动性。为了在决策过程中引入决策者对于风险的主观态度,本文把效用理论应用于三支决策 模型,通过将风险损失函数扩展为效用函数提出了基于效用的三支决策模型。研究了效用与对象的概率之间的单 调关系,给出了效用三支决策中正域效用、边界域效用与负域效用的计算方法。最后,通过算例对提出的效用三支 决策模型进行了有效地分析。该模型是经典三支决策模型的扩展,为三支决策模型中风险的主观量化研究提供了 有益探索。 关键词:效用理论:三支决策;粗糙集;人工智能;风险决策 中图分类号:TP181文献标志码:A文章编号:1673-4785(2016)04-0459-10 中文引用格式:张楠,姜丽丽,岳晓冬,等.效用三支决策模型[J].智能系统学报,2016,11(4):459-468, 英文引用格式:ZHANG Nan,JIANG Lili,YUE Xiaodong,etal.Utility-based three--way decisions model[J].CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems,2016,11(4):459-468. Utility-based three-way decisions model ZHANG Nan',JIANG Lili,YUE Xiaodong2,ZHOU Jie3 (1.School of Computer and Control Engineering,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China;2.School of Computer Engineering and Science,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;3.Research and Development Center of Lugu Industrial Park,Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410205,China) Abstract:Risk decisions are usually influenced by subjective and objective factors.During the process of decision- making,decisions are based not only on the objective risk but also on the subjective activity of decision-makers.In order to introduce decision-makers'subjective attitudes to risk,a model of utility-based three-way decisions (UT- WD)was produced by extending the risk function to a utility function.The monotonic relationships between the u- tility and probabilities of objects in three regions were investigated systematically.The computational methods for positive region utility,boundary region utility,and negative region utility are also given.Finally,an example is giv- en to substantiate the conceptual arguments.The model is an extension of three-way decisions and provides a benefi- cial investigation into subjective risk measures in three-way decision research. Keywords:utility theory;three-way decisions;rough sets;artificial intelligence;risk decisions 在实际应用中,由于决策信息的不精确或者不完备,人们很难简单地采用接受与拒绝两种方式进 行决策。通过推广两支决策到三支决策,加拿大 收稿日期:2016-06-03.网络出版日期:2016-08-08. 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(61403329,61572418,61502410, Regina大学的Yao提出了三支决策理论f)(three- 61572419,61573235):山东省自然科学基金项目 (ZR2013FQ020,ZR2015PF010,ZR2013FM011):山东省高 way decisions,TWD)。三支决策理论将不承诺决策 等学校科技计划项目(J15LN09). (延迟决策)作为信息贫乏不足以决定接受或者拒 通信作者:姜丽丽.E-mail:ytjianglili0(919@163.com.第 11 卷第 4 期 智 能 系 统 学 报 Vol.11 №.4 2016 年 8 月 CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems Aug. 2016 DOI:10.11992 / tis.201606010 网络出版地址:http: / / www.cnki.net / kcms/ detail / 23.1538.TP.20160808.0831.028.html 效用三支决策模型 张楠1 ,姜丽丽1 ,岳晓冬2 ,周杰3 (1. 烟台大学 计算机与控制工程学院,山东 烟台 264005; 2. 上海大学 计算机工程与科学学院,上海 200444; 3. 中 联重科股份有限公司 麓谷工业园研发中心,湖南 长沙 410205) 摘 要:风险型决策通常受主观和客观两方面因素影响,决策过程中不仅需要遵从客观存在的风险信息,而且需要 发挥决策者的主观能动性。 为了在决策过程中引入决策者对于风险的主观态度,本文把效用理论应用于三支决策 模型,通过将风险损失函数扩展为效用函数提出了基于效用的三支决策模型。 研究了效用与对象的概率之间的单 调关系,给出了效用三支决策中正域效用、边界域效用与负域效用的计算方法。 最后,通过算例对提出的效用三支 决策模型进行了有效地分析。 该模型是经典三支决策模型的扩展,为三支决策模型中风险的主观量化研究提供了 有益探索。 关键词:效用理论;三支决策;粗糙集;人工智能;风险决策 中图分类号: TP181 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-4785(2016)04-0459-10 中文引用格式:张楠,姜丽丽,岳晓冬,等. 效用三支决策模型[J]. 智能系统学报, 2016, 11(4): 459-468. 英文引用格式:ZHANG Nan, JIANG Lili, YUE Xiaodong, et al. Utility⁃based three⁃way decisions model[ J]. CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems, 2016, 11(4): 459-468. Utility⁃based three⁃way decisions model ZHANG Nan 1 , JIANG Lili 1 , YUE Xiaodong 2 , ZHOU Jie 3 (1. School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; 2. School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; 3. Research and Development Center of Lugu Industrial Park, Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, China) Abstract:Risk decisions are usually influenced by subjective and objective factors. During the process of decision⁃ making, decisions are based not only on the objective risk but also on the subjective activity of decision⁃makers. In order to introduce decision⁃makers’ subjective attitudes to risk, a model of utility⁃based three⁃way decisions (UT⁃ WD) was produced by extending the risk function to a utility function. The monotonic relationships between the u⁃ tility and probabilities of objects in three regions were investigated systematically. The computational methods for positive region utility, boundary region utility, and negative region utility are also given. Finally, an example is giv⁃ en to substantiate the conceptual arguments. The model is an extension of three⁃way decisions and provides a benefi⁃ cial investigation into subjective risk measures in three⁃way decision research. Keywords: utility theory; three⁃way decisions; rough sets; artificial intelligence; risk decisions 收稿日期:2016-06-03. 网络出版日期:2016-08-08. 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目( 61403329, 61572418, 61502410, 61572419, 61573235 ); 山 东 省 自 然 科 学 基 金 项 目 (ZR2013FQ020, ZR2015PF010, ZR2013FM011);山东省高 等学校科技计划项目(J15LN09). 通信作者:姜丽丽. E⁃mail:ytjianglili0919@ 163.com. 在实际应用中,由于决策信息的不精确或者不 完备,人们很难简单地采用接受与拒绝两种方式进 行决策。 通过推广两支决策到三支决策,加拿大 Regina 大学的 Yao 提出了三支决策理论[1] ( three⁃ way decisions, TWD)。 三支决策理论将不承诺决策 (延迟决策)作为信息贫乏不足以决定接受或者拒
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