Contents vii 4.6 Combined rotational and thermal stresses in uniform discs and thick cylinders 126 Examples 129 Problems 136 5 Torsion of Non-Circular and Thin-Walled Sections 141 Summary 141 5.1 Rectangular sections 142 5.2 Narrow rectangular sections 143 5.3 Thin-walled open sections 143 5.4 Thin-walled split tube 145 5.5 Other solid(non-tubular)shafts 145 5.6 Thin-walled closed tubes of non-circular section (Bredt-Batho theory) 147 5.7 Use of "equivalent J"for torsion of non-circular sections 149 5.8 Thin-walled cellular sections 150 5.9 Torsion of thin-walled stiffened sections 151 5.10 Membrane analogy 152 5.11 Effect of warping of open sections 153 Examples 154 Problems 160 6 Experimental Stress Analysis 166 Introduction 166 6.1 Brittle lacquers 167 6.2 Strain gauges 171 6.3 Unbalanced bridge circuit 173 6.4 Null balance or balanced bridge circuit 173 6.5 Gauge construction 173 6.6 Gauge selection 175 6.7 Temperature compensation 175 6.8 Installation procedure 176 6.9 Basic measurement systems 177 6.10 D.C.and A.C.systems 179 6.11 Other types of strain gauge 180 6.12 Photoelasticity 181 6.13 Plane-polarised light-basic polariscope arrangements 182 6.14 Temporary birefringence 183 6.15 Production of fringe patterns 184 6.16 Interpretation of fringe patterns 185 6.17 Calibration 186 6.18 Fractional fringe order determination-compensation techniques 187 6.19 Isoclinics-circular polarisation 188 6.20 Stress separation procedures 190 6.21 Three-dimensional photoelasticity 190Contents 4.6 Combined rotational and thermal stresses in uniform discs and thick cylinders Examples Problems 5 Torsion of Non-Circular and Thin- Walled Sections Summary 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.1 1 Rectangular sections Narrow rectangular sections Thin-walled open sections Thin-walled split tube Other solid (non-tubular) shafts Thin-walled closed tubes of non-circular section (Bredt-Batho theory) Use of “equivalent J” for torsion of non-circular sections Thin-walled cellular sections Torsion of thin-walled stifSened sections Membrane analogy EfSect of warping of open sections Examples Problems 6 Experimental Stress Analysis Introduction 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.1 1 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 Brittle lacquers Strain gauges Unbalanced bridge circuit Null balance or balanced bridge circuit Gauge construction Gauge selection Temperature compensation Installation procedure Basic measurement systems D.C. and A.C. systems Other types of strain gauge Photoelasticity Plane-polarised light - basic polariscope arrangements Temporary birefringence Production of fringe patterns Interpretation of fringe patterns Calibration Fractional fringe order determination - compensation techniques Isoclinics-circular polarisation Stress separation procedures Three-dimensional photoelasticity vii 126 129 136 141 141 142 143 143 145 145 147 149 150 151 152 153 154 160 166 166 167 171 173 173 173 175 175 176 177 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 190 1 90