3.第3次课(2学时) (1)进化过程:包括基本专业术语,初级进化、二级进化过程的分析,生物演替顶 极,各种顶极生态系统。 (2)就本单元教学内容开展课堂讨论。 本单元重点与难点 1. Ecological Concepts(生态学概念) Ecology: Study of how organisms interact with each other and with their non living surroundings.(生态学:研究生物间相互作用以及生物与环境间的作用) · Environment: Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime.(环境:生物 生命周期中的所有影响因素) imiting Factors: Any factor whose shortage or absence restricts species success.(限制因子:生物物种存在必不可少的因素) 2. Role of natural selection and evolution(自然选择和进化作用) Genes: Genes are distinct pieces of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)that determine the characteristics an individual displays.(基因:决定个体特征的DNA片段) Population: A population is considered to be all the organisms of the same kind found within a specific geographic region.(群落数:特定地理区域中同一类别生 物的总数) Species: A species is a population of all the organisms potentially capable of reproducing naturally among themselves and having offspring that also reproduce.(物种:具有繁衍能力的群落) 3. Natural Selection(自然选择) Natural Selection: Process that determines which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation.(自然选择:物种中具有 最强生存和繁衍能力的个体的选择)10 3. 第 3 次课（2 学时） （1）进化过程：包括基本专业术语，初级进化、二级进化过程的分析，生物演替顶 极，各种顶极生态系统。 （2）就本单元教学内容开展课堂讨论。 本单元重点与难点 1. Ecological Concepts（生态学概念） • Ecology: Study of how organisms interact with each other and with their non￾living surroundings.（生态学：研究生物间相互作用以及生物与环境间的作用） • Environment: Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime.（环境：生物 生命周期中的所有影响因素） • Limiting Factors: Any factor whose shortage or absence restricts species success.（限制因子：生物物种存在必不可少的因素） 2. Role of Natural Selection and Evolution（自然选择和进化作用） • Genes: Genes are distinct pieces of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that determine the characteristics an individual displays.（基因：决定个体特征的 DNA 片段） • Population: A population is considered to be all the organisms of the same kind found within a specific geographic region.（群落数：特定地理区域中同一类别生 物的总数） • Species: A species is a population of all the organisms potentially capable of reproducing naturally among themselves and having offspring that also reproduce.（物种：具有繁衍能力的群落） 3. Natural Selection（自然选择） • Natural Selection: Process that determines which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation.（自然选择：物种中具有 最强生存和繁衍能力的个体的选择）