Classes of uncertainties Robust Design scenario (A)Environmental uncertainty: Changing environmental and uncertain operating conditions Uncertainties (via the a-variable) C f=f(x, a) (B)Input uncertainty Design parameter tolerances System 1">Min: and actuator imprecision to a certain degree of (gray or black box) accuracy Fa-> Max f=f(X+b, a F3 (C)Output uncertainty Uncertainties concerning the observed system performance Design parameters f=f[f(x+b, a)] Optimization Strategy L quality signalsClasses of Uncertainties (A)Environmental uncertainty:Changing environmental and uncertain operating conditions (via the a-variable) f=f(x,a) (B)Input uncertainty:Design parameter tolerances and actuator imprecision to a certain degree of accuracy f=f(x+b,a) (C) Output uncertainty:Uncertainties concerning the observed system performance f’=f’[f(x+b,a)] 1. Beyer, H. G., Sendhoff, B., "Robust optimization–a comprehensive survey", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.196,no.33-34, pp. 3190–3218, 2007