Understand the third law of thermodynamics and its use; Define and calculate free energy functions and apply them to pharmaceutically relevant issues; Understand the basic principles of the impact of thermodynamics on pharmaceutically relevant applications; Define the chemical potential and equilibrium processes. 2.教学重难点 The concepts of law of three laws of thermodynamic; Describe different processes using first-law equations; The heat changes accompanying isothermal chemical reactions at constant pressure or volume. The Efficiency of a Heat engine Entropy and calculation of the entropy change in isothermal process or at constant pressure Helmholtz Energy and Gibbs Energy 3.教学内容 The first law of thermodynamics Internal energy (E),AE=Q+W,isothermal and adiabatic processes,work of expansion against a constant pressure,maximum work,changes of state at constant pressure. Thermochemistry Heat of formation,heat of reaction from bond energies,heat of neutralization The second law of thermodynamics The efficiency of a heat engine,entropy,entropy and disorder The third law of thermodynamics Absolute entropies Free energy functions and applications Maximum net work,criteria of equilibrium and spontaneity,fugacity,open system,chemical potential,Clausius-Clapeyron equation,activity,standard free energy and the equilibrium constant 4.教学方法 Giving lecture by Multimedia teaching methods Interactive teaching 5.教学评价 课后问题：Textbook,Chapter3,PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR STUDENT USE• Understand the third law of thermodynamics and its use; • Define and calculate free energy functions and apply them to pharmaceutically relevant issues; • Understand the basic principles of the impact of thermodynamics on pharmaceutically relevant applications; • Define the chemical potential and equilibrium processes. 2. 教学重难点 • The concepts of law of three laws of thermodynamic; • Describe different processes using first-law equations; • The heat changes accompanying isothermal chemical reactions at constant pressure or volume. • The Efficiency of a Heat engine • Entropy and calculation of the entropy change in isothermal process or at constant pressure • Helmholtz Energy and Gibbs Energy 3. 教学内容 • The first law of thermodynamics Internal energy (E), ΔE = Q + W, isothermal and adiabatic processes, work of expansion against a constant pressure, maximum work, changes of state at constant pressure. • Thermochemistry Heat of formation, heat of reaction from bond energies, heat of neutralization • The second law of thermodynamics The efficiency of a heat engine, entropy, entropy and disorder • The third law of thermodynamics Absolute entropies • Free energy functions and applications Maximum net work, criteria of equilibrium and spontaneity, fugacity, open system, chemical potential, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, activity, standard free energy and the equilibrium constant 4. 教学方法 • Giving lecture by Multimedia teaching methods • Interactive teaching 5. 教学评价 课后问题：Textbook, Chapter 3, PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR STUDENT USE