CONTENTS Contributors List of color plates Cytology and Organization of Cell Types: Light and Electron Microscopy Rochelle S Cohen and Donald w. pfaff 2. Anatomy of the Spinal Cord and Brain Bruce w. newton Ion Channels, Transporters, and Electrical Signaling 53 Stanko S. Stojilkovic CLINICAL CORRELATION: DEMYELINATING DISORDERS Gregory Cooper, Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky Synaptic Transmission Henrique von Gersdorff Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Receptors l11 Robert D. grubbs Neuroembryology and Neurogenesis G. Jean Harry and Christina T. Teng CLINICAL CORRELATION: DISORDERS OF NEURONAL MIGRATION .........144 Gregory Cooper, Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky The vasculature of the human brain 147 Suresh C. Patel, Rajan Jain and Simone Wagner CLINICAL CORRELATION: STROKE 167 Gregory Cooper, Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky Choroid Plexus-Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulatory Dynamics: Impact on Brain Growth, Metabolism, and Repair 173 Conrad E Johanson Organization of the Spinal Cord Marion Murray CLINICAL CORRELATION: DISORDERS OF THE SPINAL CORD 216 Gregory Cooper, Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky The Cerebellum Charles r. goodlett The Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves 247 Harold H. Traurig CLINICAL CORRELATION: DISORDERS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 270 Gregory Cooper Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky The brain stem reticular formation 273 Harold H. Traurig The Trigeminal System 287 Harold H. TraurigCONTENTS 2 Preface . . . . . ................................................................ v 2 Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 2 List of Color Plates . . . ...................................................... xiii 1. Cytology and Organization of Cell Types: Light and Electron Microscopy ............... 1 Rochelle S. Cohen and Donald W. Pfaff 2. Anatomy of the Spinal Cord and Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Bruce W. Newton 3. Ion Channels, Transporters, and Electrical Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Stanko S. Stojilkovic CLINICAL CORRELATION: DEMYELINATING DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Gregory Cooper, Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky 4. Synaptic Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Henrique von Gersdorff 5. Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Robert D. Grubbs 6. Neuroembryology and Neurogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 G. Jean Harry and Christina T. Teng CLINICAL CORRELATION: DISORDERS OF NEURONAL MIGRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Gregory Cooper, Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky 7. The Vasculature of the Human Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Suresh C. Patel, Rajan Jain and Simone Wagner CLINICAL CORRELATION: STROKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Gregory Cooper, Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky 8. Choroid Plexus–Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulatory Dynamics: Impact on Brain Growth, Metabolism, and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Conrad E. Johanson 9. Organization of the Spinal Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Marion Murray CLINICAL CORRELATION: DISORDERS OF THE SPINAL CORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Gregory Cooper, Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky 10. The Cerebellum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Charles R. Goodlett 11. The Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Harold H. Traurig CLINICAL CORRELATION: DISORDERS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Gregory Cooper, Gerald Eichhorn and Robert Rodnitzky 12. The Brain Stem Reticular Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Harold H. Traurig 13. The Trigeminal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Harold H. Traurig vii