Chapter 14 Signal-Transduction Pathways 3 7 binds to B-andrenergic receptors. Ans:Epinephrine,adrenaline Section:14.1 8 The binding of IP3 to the IP,receptor results in the release of from the endoplasmic reticulum. Ans:calcium ion Section:14.1 9 The catalytically active form of the insulin receptor is a result of phosphorylation of specific residues in the activation loop. Ans:tyrosine Section:14.2 10 EGR signaling is terminated by the action of phosphatases and the hydrolysis of by Ras. Ans:GTP Section:14.3 Multiple Choice Questions 1 Most signal molecules A) easily diffuse through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm. B) bind to membrane receptors and transmit information across a membrane without traversing the membrane. C) carry out functions in the nucleus after binding to a receptor in the cell membrane. D) a and c. E) a,b,and c. Ans:B Section:Introduction 2 Examples of second messengers include: A) cAMP D) a and b. B) calcium ion. E) a.b.and c. C) diacyl glycerol Ans:E Section:Introduction 3 Advantages of second messengers include: A) the signal can be amplified by making many second messengers. B) second messengers can freely diffuse to other sites within the cell. c) a few common second messengers can be used in multiple signaling pathways. D) All of the above. E)None of the above. Ans:D Section:Introduction 4 Which of the following amino acids can be phosphorylated? A)tyr,ser,thr D)his,ser,phe B)tyr,ser,trp E)tyr,met,trp C)ser,thr,asn Ans:A Section:14.1 5 Which form of the guanyl nucleotide is bound in the unactivated state? A)GTP B)GDP C)GMP D)dGTP E)None of the above. Ans:B Section:14.1Chapter 14 Signal-Transduction Pathways 3 7 _______________________ binds to β-andrenergic receptors. Ans: Epinephrine, adrenaline Section: 14.1 8 The binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor results in the release of __________ from the endoplasmic reticulum. Ans: calcium ion Section: 14.1 9 The catalytically active form of the insulin receptor is a result of phosphorylation of specific ____________ residues in the activation loop. Ans: tyrosine Section: 14.2 10 EGR signaling is terminated by the action of phosphatases and the hydrolysis of _____________ by Ras. Ans: GTP Section: 14.3 Multiple Choice Questions 1 Most signal molecules A) easily diffuse through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm. B) bind to membrane receptors and transmit information across a membrane without traversing the membrane. C) carry out functions in the nucleus after binding to a receptor in the cell membrane. D) a and c. E) a, b, and c. Ans: B Section: Introduction 2 Examples of second messengers include: A) cAMP. D) a and b. B) calcium ion. E) a, b, and c. C) diacyl glycerol. Ans: E Section: Introduction 3 Advantages of second messengers include: A) the signal can be amplified by making many second messengers. B) second messengers can freely diffuse to other sites within the cell. C) a few common second messengers can be used in multiple signaling pathways. D) All of the above. E) None of the above. Ans: D Section: Introduction 4 Which of the following amino acids can be phosphorylated? A) tyr, ser, thr D) his, ser, phe B) tyr, ser, trp E) tyr, met, trp C) ser, thr, asn Ans: A Section: 14.1 5 Which form of the guanyl nucleotide is bound in the unactivated state? A) GTP B) GDP C) GMP D) dGTP E) None of the above. Ans: B Section: 14.1