htt/www.cucdecom.cn中国高校课件下载中心 性)太高,该机制将减少它;如果水平太低,就提高它。这个过程叫做负反馈。负反馈反应 的方向与信号的相反 B3 THE NICHE The ecological niche of an organism is the position it fills in its environment, comprising the conditions under which it is found the resources it utilizes and the time it occurs there 生态位 有机体的生态位( niche)是它在它的环境中所处的位置,包括它发现的各种条件、所利用 的资源和在那里的时间。 Multidimensional niche spa Each condition or resource which defines the niche of an organism contributes one dimension to space In which the organisms niche, and is the multidimensional niche space, or'n-dimensional hypervolume 多维生态位空间 定义有机体生态位的每一个条件和资源,对于有机体能出现的空间提供一个维度。一起考虑 所有维度,全面确定的有机体的生态位,是多维生态位空间,或“n-维超体积”。 Fundamental niche The niche space an organism can fill in the absence of competition or predation is known as the fundamental niche 基础生态位 在没竞争和捕食条件下,有机体的生态位空间叫做基础生态位( fundamental niche)。 Realized niche The niche space occupied by an organism when competition and predation occur is the realized niche, which is always a subset of the fundamental niche 实际生态位 当有竞争和捕食出现时,有机体所占有的生态位空间是实际生态位( realized niche),实际 生态位始终是基础生态位的一个子集 四、 SOLAR RADIATION Radiant energy and photosynt Radiant energy is the sole energy source that can be used by green plants. When a leaf intercepts diant energy it may be absorbed, reflected or transmitted. Part of the fraction absorbed reaches the chloroplast, fuelling photosynthesis, the process where radiant energy is used to convert water and Co2 into sugars Solar radiation contains a spectrum of different wavelengths. However, only a restricted band of this spectrum is effective for photosynthesis. This is the band of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)and for green plants lies between 380 and 710 nm 辐射能和光合作用 绿色植物能够利用的惟一能源是辐射能。当叶子截获辐射能时,它能被吸收、反射或者透射。 吸收的部分能量到达叶绿体,引发了光合作用,在这个过程中,辐射能被用于转化水和二氧 化碳成为糖 太阳辐射包含了不同波长的光谱。然而,仅有一个有限的光谱带对光合作用是有效的。这就 是光合活性辐射(PAR)带,对绿化植物是位于380nm到710nm之间。 Measurement of photosynthesis The rate of photosynthesis is a gross measurement of the rate at which a plant captures radianthttp://www.cucdc.com.cn 中国高校课件下载中心 性）太高，该机制将减少它；如果水平太低，就提高它。这个过程叫做负反馈。负反馈反应 的方向与信号的相反。 B3 THE NICHE Niche The ecological niche of an organism is the position it fills in its environment, comprising the conditions under which it is found, the resources it utilizes and the time it occurs there. 生态位 有机体的生态位（niche）是它在它的环境中所处的位置，包括它发现的各种条件、所利用 的资源和在那里的时间。 Multidimensional niche space Each condition or resource which defines the niche of an organism contributes one dimension to the space in which the organism’s niche, and is the multidimensional niche space, or’n-dimensional hypervolume’. 多维生态位空间 定义有机体生态位的每一个条件和资源，对于有机体能出现的空间提供一个维度。一起考虑 所有维度，全面确定的有机体的生态位，是多维生态位空间，或“n-维超体积”。 Fundamental niche The niche space an organism can fill in the absence of competition or predation is known as the fundamental niche. 基础生态位 在没竞争和捕食条件下，有机体的生态位空间叫做基础生态位（fundamental niche）。 Realized niche The niche space occupied by an organism when competition and predation occur is the realized niche, which is always a subset of the fundamental niche. 实际生态位 当有竞争和捕食出现时，有机体所占有的生态位空间是实际生态位（realized niche），实际 生态位始终是基础生态位的一个子集。 四、SOLAR RADIATION Radiant energy and photosynthesis Radiant energy is the sole energy source that can be used by green plants. When a leaf intercepts radiant energy it may be absorbed, reflected or transmitted. Part of the fraction absorbed reaches the chloroplast, fuelling photosynthesis, the process where radiant energy is used to convert water and CO2 into sugars. Solar radiation contains a spectrum of different wavelengths. However, only a restricted band of this spectrum is effective for photosynthesis. This is the band of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and for green plants lies between 380 and 710 nm. 辐射能和光合作用 绿色植物能够利用的惟一能源是辐射能。当叶子截获辐射能时，它能被吸收、反射或者透射。 吸收的部分能量到达叶绿体，引发了光合作用，在这个过程中，辐射能被用于转化水和二氧 化碳成为糖。 太阳辐射包含了不同波长的光谱。然而，仅有一个有限的光谱带对光合作用是有效的。这就 是光合活性辐射（PAR）带，对绿化植物是位于 380nm 到 710nm 之间。 Measurement of photosynthesis The rate of photosynthesis is a gross measurement of the rate at which a plant captures radiant