o David mclellan1979,1980,1998,2007 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted ave with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIT 4L Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication ay be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 First, second and third editions published 1979, 1980 and 1998 by This edition published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN HoundmiLls, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St Martins Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries SBN13:9781-40399727-2 hardback ISBN-10 1-4039-9727-6 hardback SBN13:978-1-403997289 paperback ISBN-10: 1-4039-9728-4 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recyding and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McLellan David Marxism after Marx/ David McLellan ,-4th ed Indudes bibliographical references and index. SBN-10:1-40399727-6(coth ISBN13:978-1-403997289(pbk) SBN-10:1-403997284(pbk) 1. Communism-History I. Title. HX36M42007 3554309dc22 2006047819 10987654321 16151413121110090807 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne