vii Figure 5.3 Changes in neonatal mortality rates between 1995 and 2000 81 Figure 5.4 Neonatal mortality in African countries shows stagnation and some unusual reversals 82 Figure 5.5 Neonatal mortality is lower when mothers have received professional care 88 Figure 5.6 The proportion of births in health facilities and those attended by medical doctors is increasing 92 Figure 5.7 The human resource gap in Benin,Burkina Faso,Mali and Niger,2001 95 Figure 5.8 Cost of scaling up maternal and newborn care,additional to current expenditure % Figure 6.1 An integrated approach to child health 111 Figure 6.2 Proportion of districts where training and system strengthening for IMCI had been started by 2003 114 Figure 6.3 Cost of scaling up child health interventions,additional to current expenditure 116 Boxes Box 1.1 Milestones in the establishment of the rights of women and children 5 B0x1.2 Why invest public money in health care for mothers and children? B0x1.3 A reversal of maternal mortality in Malaw 11 B0x1.4 Counting births and deaths 12 B0X2.1 Economic crisis and health system meltdown:a fatal cascade of events 22 Box 2.2 How HIV/AIDS affects the health of women and children 23 B0x2.3 Health districts can make progress,even in adverse circumstances 25 B0X2.4 Mapping exclusion from life-saving obstetric care 27 B0x2.5 Building functional health districts:sustainable results require a long-term commitment 34 B0x3.1 Reducing the burden of malaria in pregnant women and their children 44 Box3.2 Anaemia-the silent killer 45vii Figure 5.3 Changes in neonatal mortality rates between 1995 and 2000 81 Figure 5.4 Neonatal mortality in African countries shows stagnation and some unusual reversals 82 Figure 5.5 Neonatal mortality is lower when mothers have received professional care 88 Figure 5.6 The proportion of births in health facilities and those attended by medical doctors is increasing 92 Figure 5.7 The human resource gap in Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, 2001 95 Figure 5.8 Cost of scaling up maternal and newborn care, additional to current expenditure 96 Figure 6.1 An integrated approach to child health 111 Figure 6.2 Proportion of districts where training and system strengthening for IMCI had been started by 2003 114 Figure 6.3 Cost of scaling up child health interventions, additional to current expenditure 116 Boxes Box 1.1 Milestones in the establishment of the rights of women and children 5 Box 1.2 Why invest public money in health care for mothers and children? 6 Box 1.3 A reversal of maternal mortality in Malawi 11 Box 1.4 Counting births and deaths 12 Box 2.1 Economic crisis and health system meltdown: a fatal cascade of events 22 Box 2.2 How HIV/AIDS affects the health of women and children 23 Box 2.3 Health districts can make progress, even in adverse circumstances 25 Box 2.4 Mapping exclusion from life-saving obstetric care 27 Box 2.5 Building functional health districts: sustainable results require a long-term commitment 34 Box 3.1 Reducing the burden of malaria in pregnant women and their children 44 Box 3.2 Anaemia – the silent killer 45 overview