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王文瑞等:高温应变片的热输出耦合特性 ·1137· 表3应变片热输出误差验证实验 2013,30(2):27 Table 3 Confirmatory experiment of thermal output error (叶迎西,孙天贺,艾延廷.温度对电阻应变片测量精度彩响 应变片温度/ 热输出测量应变/修正应变/修正后 的仿真研究.沈阳航空航天大学学报,2013,30(2):27) 材料K 误差/10-6106 10-6 误差/% [5]Yin F Y.Correction technique for high temperature strain gage un- 373 -743.85 294.29 1028.14 2.814 der transient heating conditions.Struct Environ Eng,2005,32 (1):36 473 -1191.02-145.401035.623.562 (尹福炎.瞬态加热条件下高温应变计测量误差的修正方法. Fe- 673 -227.70830.54 1048.24 4.824 强度与环境,2005,32(1):36) 873 1816.672883.021056.35 5.635 ⑨ Wang W R,Zhang J M,Nie S.Simulation and experiment on in- 1073 1337.04 2416.30 1069.266.926 fluence factor of contact high temperature strain measurement accu- racy.J Solid Rocket Technol,2015,38(3):439 373 560.671609.461038.793.879 (王文瑞,张佳明,聂帅.高温应变接触式测量精度影响因素 473 1774.32 2832.911048.59 4.859 研究.固体火箭技术,2015,38(3):439) P-1 673 5252.71 6322.271059.56 5.956 [] Liu Z C,Yu D P,Lu YY,et al.Thermal output test of high tem- 873 8522.94 9605.181072.247.224 perature strain gauge.Nucl Pouer Eng,2011,32 (Suppl 1):166 1073 9654.6210748.90 1084.288.428 (刘梓材,喻丹萍,卢琰琰,等.高温应变片热输出测试.核 动力工程,2011,32(增刊1):166) 正后,误差在9%以内,补偿效果良好,可以为高温 8] Wang W R,Zhang J M,Yan X Q,et al.Calibration method for 应变精准测量提供参考依据。 the core parameters of high temperature strain gauges.Chin J Eng,2015,37(12):1645 3结论 (王文瑞,张佳明,闫晓强,等.高温应变片关键参数标定方 法.工程科学学报,2015,37(12):1645) (1)通过理论分析研究了高温应变片在高温应 9] Ai Y T,Ye Y X,Sun D,et al.Simulation study of measurement 变测量中的热输出耦合特性,并得到了构件、胶层和 accuracy of strain gauge under transient heating conditions.Control Instr Chem Ind,2014,41(2):158 应变片三者耦合作用下应变片热输出的理论表达式. (艾延廷,叶迎西,孙丹,等.瞬态加热下应变片测量精度的 (2)通过有限元仿真,得到了Fe-1应变片和 仿真研究.化工自动化及仪表,2014,41(2):158) Pt-1应变片在耦合作用下的热输出,373~1073K [1o] Zhang J M,Wang W R,Nie S.Research and calibration experi- 温度范围内与实验结果误差在7%以内.并研究了 ment of characteristic parameters of high temperature resistance 七种栅丝材料的热输出特性,结果表明与铁基和镍 strain gauges.China Meas Test,2014,40(5):25 (张佳明,王文瑞,聂帅.高温电阻应变片特性参数标定实 基合金相比铂基合金栅丝的应变线性程度较好,铁 验研究.中国测试,2014,40(5):25) 基和铂基合金比镍基合金的使用温度高 [11]Ma L C,Wu TT.Zhao L B.Development of temperature-com- (3)利用耦合作用下高温应变片的热输出建立 pensated resistance strain gages for use to 800 C.Exp Mech, 了高温应变测量的综合补偿模型,并进行了验证试 1990,30(1):17 验,结果表明在373~1073K范围内补偿后误差在 [12]Ajovalasit A.Advances in strain gauge measurement on compos- ite materials.Strain,2011,47 (4):313 9%以内,补偿效果良好. [13]Wei Y,Zhang A Y,Cao Z W.Research on influence of thermal output for different alloying composition specimen.Struct Environ 参考文献 Eng,2009,36(4):50 [1]Wang W R,Zhang J M,Ren X,et al.Research and calibration (魏元,张爱茵,曹志伟.试件合金成分对热输出影响的研 experiment of characteristic parameters of high temperature resist- 究.强度与环境,2009,36(4):50) ance strain gauges.Sens Transduc,2013,159(11):324 [14]Wu Z D,Tao B Q.Principle and Technology of Strain Measure- 12]Richards W L.A new correction techniques for strain gauge meas- ment.Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1982 urements acquired in transient-temperature environments//NASA (吴宗岱,陶宝棋.应变电测原理及技术.北京:国防工业出 Technical Paper.Washington,199:ArtNo.3593 版社,1982) Richards WL.Strain gage measurement erors in the transient [15]Yin F Y,Wang W R,Yan X Q.High Temperature/Low Temper- heating of structural components /NASA Technical Memorandum ature Resistance Strain Gauge and Its Application.Beijing:Na- 104274.Washington,1993 tional Defense Industry Press,2014 4]Ye Y X,Sun T H,Ai YT.Simulation study of temperature influ- (尹福炎,王文瑞,闫晓强.高温、低温电阻应变片及其应 ence on testing precision of strain gauge.Shenyang Aerosp Univ, 用.北京:国防工业出版社,2014)王文瑞等: 高温应变片的热输出耦合特性 表 3 应变片热输出误差验证实验 Table 3 Confirmatory experiment of thermal output error 应变片 材料 温度/ K 热输出 误差/10 - 6 测量应变/ 10 - 6 修正应变/ 10 - 6 修正后 误差/% 373 - 743. 85 294. 29 1028. 14 2. 814 473 - 1191. 02 - 145. 40 1035. 62 3. 562 Fe--1 673 - 227. 70 830. 54 1048. 24 4. 824 873 1816. 67 2883. 02 1056. 35 5. 635 1073 1337. 04 2416. 30 1069. 26 6. 926 373 560. 67 1609. 46 1038. 79 3. 879 473 1774. 32 2832. 91 1048. 59 4. 859 Pt--1 673 5252. 71 6322. 27 1059. 56 5. 956 873 8522. 94 9605. 18 1072. 24 7. 224 1073 9654. 62 10748. 90 1084. 28 8. 428 正后,误差在 9% 以内,补偿效果良好,可以为高温 应变精准测量提供参考依据. 3 结论 ( 1) 通过理论分析研究了高温应变片在高温应 变测量中的热输出耦合特性,并得到了构件、胶层和 应变片三者耦合作用下应变片热输出的理论表达式. ( 2) 通过有限元仿真,得到了 Fe--1 应变片和 Pt--1 应变片在耦合作用下的热输出,373 ~ 1073 K 温度范围内与实验结果误差在 7% 以内. 并研究了 七种栅丝材料的热输出特性,结果表明与铁基和镍 基合金相比铂基合金栅丝的应变线性程度较好,铁 基和铂基合金比镍基合金的使用温度高. ( 3) 利用耦合作用下高温应变片的热输出建立 了高温应变测量的综合补偿模型,并进行了验证试 验,结果表明在 373 ~ 1073 K 范围内补偿后误差在 9% 以内,补偿效果良好. 参 考 文 献 [1] Wang W R,Zhang J M,Ren X,et al. Research and calibration experiment of characteristic parameters of high temperature resist￾ance strain gauges. Sens Transduc,2013,159( 11) : 324 [2] Richards W L. A new correction techniques for strain gauge meas￾urements acquired in transient- temperature environments/ / NASA Technical Paper. Washington,1996: ArtNo. 3593 [3] Richards W L. Strain gage measurement errors in the transient heating of structural components / / NASA Technical Memorandum 104274. Washington,1993 [4] Ye Y X,Sun T H,Ai Y T. Simulation study of temperature influ￾ence on testing precision of strain gauge. J Shenyang Aerosp Univ, 2013,30( 2) : 27 ( 叶迎西,孙天贺,艾延廷. 温度对电阻应变片测量精度影响 的仿真研究. 沈阳航空航天大学学报,2013,30( 2) : 27) [5] Yin F Y. Correction technique for high temperature strain gage un￾der transient heating conditions. Struct Environ Eng,2005,32 ( 1) : 36 ( 尹福炎. 瞬态加热条件下高温应变计测量误差的修正方法. 强度与环境,2005,32( 1) : 36) [6] Wang W R,Zhang J M,Nie S. Simulation and experiment on in￾fluence factor of contact high temperature strain measurement accu￾racy. J Solid Rocket Technol,2015,38( 3) : 439 ( 王文瑞,张佳明,聂帅. 高温应变接触式测量精度影响因素 研究. 固体火箭技术,2015,38( 3) : 439) [7] Liu Z C,Yu D P,Lu Y Y,et al. Thermal output test of high tem￾perature strain gauge. Nucl Power Eng,2011,32( Suppl 1) : 166 ( 刘梓材,喻丹萍,卢琰琰,等. 高温应变片热输出测试. 核 动力工程,2011,32( 增刊 1) : 166) [8] Wang W R,Zhang J M,Yan X Q,et al. Calibration method for the core parameters of high temperature strain gauges. Chin J Eng,2015,37( 12) : 1645 ( 王文瑞,张佳明,闫晓强,等. 高温应变片关键参数标定方 法. 工程科学学报,2015,37( 12) : 1645) [9] Ai Y T,Ye Y X,Sun D,et al. Simulation study of measurement accuracy of strain gauge under transient heating conditions. Control Instr Chem Ind,2014,41( 2) : 158 ( 艾延廷,叶迎西,孙丹,等. 瞬态加热下应变片测量精度的 仿真研究. 化工自动化及仪表,2014,41( 2) : 158) [10] Zhang J M,Wang W R,Nie S. Research and calibration experi￾ment of characteristic parameters of high temperature resistance strain gauges. China Meas Test,2014,40( 5) : 25 ( 张佳明,王文瑞,聂帅. 高温电阻应变片特性参数标定实 验研究. 中国测试,2014,40( 5) : 25) [11] Ma L C,Wu T T,Zhao L B. Development of temperature-com￾pensated resistance strain gages for use to 800 ℃ . Exp Mech, 1990,30( 1) : 17 [12] Ajovalasit A. Advances in strain gauge measurement on compos￾ite materials. Strain,2011,47( 4) : 313 [13] Wei Y,Zhang A Y,Cao Z W. Research on influence of thermal output for different alloying composition specimen. Struct Environ Eng,2009,36( 4) : 50 ( 魏元,张爱茵,曹志伟. 试件合金成分对热输出影响的研 究. 强度与环境,2009,36( 4) : 50) [14] Wu Z D,Tao B Q. Principle and Technology of Strain Measure￾ment. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press,1982 ( 吴宗岱,陶宝祺. 应变电测原理及技术. 北京: 国防工业出 版社,1982) [15] Yin F Y,Wang W R,Yan X Q. High Temperature/ Low Temper￾ature Resistance Strain Gauge and Its Application. Beijing: Na￾tional Defense Industry Press,2014 ( 尹福炎,王文瑞,闫晓强. 高温、低温电阻应变片及其应 用. 北京: 国防工业出版社,2014) · 7311 ·
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