Issues in Ecology Winter 2001 About the Science Writer Carpenter.S.N.Caraco.D.I Correll.R W Howarth.A Yvonne baskin.a science writer.edited the report of N.Sharpley.and V.H.Smith.1998.Nonpoint Pollutior the panel of scientists to allow it to more effectively commu- of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen,/ssues nicate its findings with non-scientists. in Ecology No.3. Naeem.S..ES.Chapin Ill.R.Costanza,PR.Ehrlich,F.B Ahout issues in Ecoloay Golley,D.U.Hooper,J.H.Lawton,R.V.O'Neill,H.A Issues in Ecoloay is desianed to report,in languag Mooney.O.E.Sala,A.J.Symstad,and D.Tilman.1999 understandable by non-scientists,the consensus of a panel Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning:Maintaining of scientific experts on issues relevant to the environment Natural Life Support Processes,Issues in Ecology No.4 Issues in Ecology is supported by a Pew Scholars in Mack.R..D.Simberloff,W.M.Lonsdale,H.Evans,M.Clout Conservation Biology grant to David Tilman and by the and F.Bazzaz.2000.Biotic Invasions:Causes Ecological Society of America.All reports undergo peer Epidemiology,Global Consequences and Control,/ssues review and must be approved by the editorial board before in Ecology No.5. publication.No responsibility for the views expressed by Aber J.N.Christensen,I.Fernandez,J.Franklin,L.Hidinger. authors in ESA publications is assumed by the editors or M.Hunter,J.MacMahon,D.Mladenoff,J.Pastor,D the publisher,the Ecological Society of America. Perry,R. Slangen,H. van Miegroet.2000 Applying Ecologica Principle EtoalBoardot Fore logy No cology H Cloern .C.Elfring. St.Paul warth,R on. 01 MN551 08.6097. Minneso er.umn Sharple and D.w tal Rivers,Bays,and Seas,Issues in Ecolog Board member No.7. Dr.St Center for Limnology.University of n.w53706 Additional Conie Dr.Deborah Jensen.The Nature Conservancy.4245 North To receive additional copies of this report(3each) Arlington,VA 22203. or previous Issues in Ecology please contact: Dr Simon l evin.Department of Fcoloay and Fvolutionar Biology,Princeton University.Princeton,NJ 08544-1003 Ecological society of america Dr.Jane Lubchenco,Department of Zoology,Oregon State 1707 H Street,NW.Suite 400 University,Corvallis,OR 97331-2914 Washington,DC 20006 Dr.Judy L.Meyer,Institute of Ecology.University of Georgia, (202)833-8773.esahq@esa.org Athens GA 30602-2202 Dr.Gordon Orians,Department of Zoology,University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Dr.Lou Pitelka,Appalachian Environmental Laboratory, esa Gunter Hall,Frostburg,MD 21532 Dr.William Schlesinger,Departments of Botany and Geology. Duke University,Durham,NC 27708-0340 The Issues in Ecology series is also available electronically at http://esa.sdsc.edu/. Previous Reports Previous Issues in Ecology reports available from the ca include Howarth,G.E. ns PA .W.Sc andG.D h Ecology DA 0 dG.M. by Natural Societies 05y 1212 Issues in Ecology Number 8 Winter 2001 About the Science Writer Yvonne Baskin, a science writer, edited the report of the panel of scientists to allow it to more effectively commu￾nicate its findings with non-scientists. About Issues in Ecology Issues in Ecology is designed to report, in language understandable by non-scientists, the consensus of a panel of scientific experts on issues relevant to the environment. Issues in Ecology is supported by a Pew Scholars in Conservation Biology grant to David Tilman and by the Ecological Society of America. All reports undergo peer review and must be approved by the editorial board before publication. No responsibility for the views expressed by authors in ESA publications is assumed by the editors or the publisher, the Ecological Society of America. Editorial Board of Issues in Ecology Dr. David Tilman, Editor-in-Chief, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6097. E-mail: tilman@lter.umn.edu Board members Dr. Stephen Carpenter, Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 Dr. Deborah Jensen, The Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203. Dr. Simon Levin, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003 Dr. Jane Lubchenco, Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2914 Dr. Judy L. Meyer, Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2202 Dr. Gordon Orians, Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Dr. Lou Pitelka, Appalachian Environmental Laboratory, Gunter Hall, Frostburg, MD 21532 Dr. William Schlesinger, Departments of Botany and Geology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0340 Previous Reports Previous Issues in Ecology reports available from the Ecological Society of America include: Vitousek, P.M., J. Aber, R.W. Howarth, G.E. Likens, P.A. Matson, D.W. Schindler, W.H. Schlesinger, and G.D. Tilman. 1997. Human Alteration of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Causes and Consequences, Issues in Ecology No. 1. Daily, G.C., S. Alexander, P.R. Ehrlich, L. Goulder, J. Lubchenco, P.A. Matson, H.A. Mooney, S. Postel, S.H. Schneider, D. Tilman, and G.M. Woodwell. 1997. Ecosystem Services: Benefits Supplied to Human Societies by Natural Ecosystems, Issues in Ecology No. 2. Carpenter, S., N. Caraco, D. L. Correll, R. W. Howarth, A. N. Sharpley, and V. H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen, Issues in Ecology No. 3. Naeem, S., F.S. Chapin III, R. Costanza, P.R. Ehrlich, F.B. Golley, D.U. Hooper, J.H. Lawton, R.V. O’Neill, H.A. Mooney, O.E. Sala, A.J. Symstad, and D. Tilman. 1999. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Maintaining Natural Life Support Processes, Issues in Ecology No. 4. Mack, R., D. Simberloff, W.M. Lonsdale, H. Evans, M. Clout, and F. Bazzaz. 2000. Biotic Invasions: Causes, Epidemiology, Global Consequences and Control, Issues in Ecology No. 5. Aber, J., N. Christensen, I. Fernandez, J. Franklin, L. Hidinger, M. Hunter, J. MacMahon, D. Mladenoff, J. Pastor, D. Perry, R. Slangen, H. van Miegroet. 2000. Applying Ecological Principles to Management of the U.S. National Forests, Issues in Ecology No. 6. Howarth, R., D. Anderson, J. Cloern, C. Elfring, C. Hopkinson, B. LaPointe, T. Malone, N. Marcus, K. McGlathery, A. Sharpley, and D. Walker. Nutrient Pollu￾tion of Coastal Rivers, Bays, and Seas, Issues in Ecology No. 7. Additional Copies To receive additional copies of this report ($3 each) or previous Issues in Ecology, please contact: Ecological Society of America 1707 H Street, NW, Suite 400 Washington, DC 20006 (202) 833-8773, esahq@esa.org The Issues in Ecology series is also available electronically at http://esa.sdsc.edu/