《工程科学学报》录用稿，htps:/doi.org/10.13374/i,issn2095-9389.2021.12.23.002©北京科技大学2020 1三维导电载体应用于钠金属负极的研究进展 2李天骄”，姜付义)，杨凯2)，孙建超@ 31)烟台大学环境与材料工程学院，烟台264005 2)山东农业大学化学与材料科学学院，泰安271018 4☒通信作者，E-mail:jianchaoabc@163.com 5 6摘要钠金属因其成本低、自然丰度高、氧化还原电位低和理论比容量高等优点，被认为是高能电池的 7理想负极材料。然而，钠金属在充放电过程中易发生体积膨胀和产生钠枝晶，导致电池性能不断恶化，并 8引发安全隐患，严重阻碍了钠金属电池在实际中的应用。为了解决上述问题，国内外已进行了大量探索。 9其中，构建三维导电载体可以有效降低局部电流密度和成核能，抑制枝晶生长和减缓体积膨胀，在未来应 10用方面具有巨大的潜力。本文综述了近年来利用三维导电载体来提高钠金属负极电化学循环稳定性的研究 11进展并对三维导电载体进行了总结和分类。最后，从基础研究和实际应用两个方面讨论了三维导电载体材 12料在钠金属负极中的发展前景和未来研究方向。 13关键词钠金属电池：负极：钠枝晶：体积膨胀：三维导电载体 14分类号 15 16Progress of 3D Conductive Framework for Na Metal Anode 17LI Tian-jiao",JIANG Fu-yi",YANG Kai,SUN Jian chao 181)School of Environment and Material Engineering.Yantai Universityan5,China 192)College of Chemistry and Material Science,Shandong Agrieural Univ sity,Taian 271018,China 20Corresponding author,E-mail:jianchaoabc@163.com 21ABSTRACT Sodium metal is considered as an ideal anode material for high energy batteries because of its low 22cost high natural abundance,low redox potential (-2.71 Vvs.SHE)and high theoretical specific capacity (1166 23mAh g).However,due to the high reactivity,sodium metal and the electrolyte react in a short time to form an 24unstable solid electrolyte interface (SED layer in cycling.In addition,due to the large size change of sodium,the 25SEI layer breaks and reassembles repeatedly,resulting in the continuous consumption of sodium metal and 26electrolyte,as well as low cou ic efficiency (CE)and rapid capacity loss.Simultaneously,due to the uneven 27distribution of electric field on sodium metal,a lot of sodium dendrites generate during repeated plating/stripping 28cycles.The growth of a dendrites easily pierces the separator,causing short circuit and a series of safety issues. 29The above problems lead to the deterioration of battery performance and safety risks,and seriously hinder the 30application of sodium metal battery in practice.In order to solve the above problems,a lot of exploration has been 31carried out including electrolyte engineering,artificial SEI layer,current collector and interlayer engineering, 32solid-state eledtrolyte engineering and three-dimensional (3D)framework for sodium metal.Among various 33improvement strategies,the construction of 3D conductive framework can effectively reduce local current density, 34decrease nuclear energy,inhibit Na dendrite growth and slow down volume expansion,which has great potential in 35future applications.In this paper,the recent research progress in using various 3D conductive framework to 36improve the cycling stability of sodium metal battery are reviewed,including carbon-based frameworks,metal- 37based frameworks,and MXene-based frameworks.Simultaneously,the pros and cons of the different 3D 38conductive framework technology in recent years are summarized and classified,and the electrochemical 39performance parameters of different 3D conductive frameworks for sodium metal battery are compared.Finally, 40the development prospect and future research direction of three-dimensional conductive framework in sodium三维导电载体应用于钠金属负极的研究进展 李天骄 1)，姜付义 1)，杨凯 2)，孙建超 1) 1) 烟台大学环境与材料工程学院，烟台 264005 2) 山东农业大学化学与材料科学学院，泰安 271018  通信作者，E-mail: jianchaoabc@163.com 摘 要 钠金属因其成本低、自然丰度高、氧化还原电位低和理论比容量高等优点，被认为是高能电池的 理想负极材料。然而，钠金属在充放电过程中易发生体积膨胀和产生钠枝晶，导致电池性能不断恶化，并 引发安全隐患，严重阻碍了钠金属电池在实际中的应用。为了解决上述问题，国内外已进行了大量探索。 其中，构建三维导电载体可以有效降低局部电流密度和成核能，抑制枝晶生长和减缓体积膨胀，在未来应 用方面具有巨大的潜力。本文综述了近年来利用三维导电载体来提高钠金属负极电化学循环稳定性的研究 进展并对三维导电载体进行了总结和分类。最后，从基础研究和实际应用两个方面讨论了三维导电载体材 料在钠金属负极中的发展前景和未来研究方向。 关键词 钠金属电池；负极；钠枝晶；体积膨胀；三维导电载体 分类号 Progress of 3D Conductive Framework for Na Metal Anode LI Tian-jiao1) , JIANG Fu-yi1) , YANG Kai2) , SUN Jian-chao1)  1) School of Environment and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China 2) College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China  Corresponding author, E-mail: jianchaoabc@163.com ABSTRACT Sodium metal is considered as an ideal anode material for high energy batteries because of its low cost, high natural abundance, low redox potential (-2.71 V vs. SHE) and high theoretical specific capacity (1166 mAh g-1). However, due to the high reactivity, sodium metal and the electrolyte react in a short time to form an unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer in cycling. In addition, due to the large size change of sodium, the SEI layer breaks and reassembles repeatedly, resulting in the continuous consumption of sodium metal and electrolyte, as well as low coulombic efficiency (CE) and rapid capacity loss. Simultaneously, due to the uneven distribution of electric field on sodium metal, a lot of sodium dendrites generate during repeated plating/stripping cycles. The growth of Na dendrites easily pierces the separator, causing short circuit and a series of safety issues. The above problems lead to the deterioration of battery performance and safety risks, and seriously hinder the application of sodium metal battery in practice. In order to solve the above problems, a lot of exploration has been carried out, including electrolyte engineering, artificial SEI layer, current collector and interlayer engineering, solid-state electrolyte engineering and three-dimensional (3D) framework for sodium metal. Among various improvement strategies, the construction of 3D conductive framework can effectively reduce local current density, decrease nuclear energy, inhibit Na dendrite growth and slow down volume expansion, which has great potential in future applications. In this paper, the recent research progress in using various 3D conductive framework to improve the cycling stability of sodium metal battery are reviewed, including carbon-based frameworks, metal￾based frameworks, and MXene-based frameworks. Simultaneously, the pros and cons of the different 3D conductive framework technology in recent years are summarized and classified, and the electrochemical performance parameters of different 3D conductive frameworks for sodium metal battery are compared. Finally, the development prospect and future research direction of three-dimensional conductive framework in sodium 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 《工程科学学报》录用稿，https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.12.23.002 ©北京科技大学 2020 录用稿件，非最终出版稿