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Journal ofCommunication, 62(3),493-513 1994-2016ChinaAcademicjOurnalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net72 Kononova, A. (2013). Multitasking across borders: a cross-national study of media multitasking behaviors, its antecedents, and outcomes. International Journal of Communication, 7(1), 1688-1710. Kononova, A., & Alhabash, S. (2012). When one medium is not enough: Media use and media multitasking among college students in Kuwait. Journal of Middle East Media, 8(1), 1-28. LaRose, R., & Eastin, M. S. (2004). A social cognitive theory of Internet uses and gratifications: Toward a new model of media attendance. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(3), 358-377. Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berelson, B., & Gaudet, H. (1944). The People’s Choice. New York: Columbia University Press. Lee, & Jung, S. (2009). Online communication and adolescent social ties: who benefits more from Internet use?. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, volume 14(3), 509-531(23). 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Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(1), 41-60. Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological Internet use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 16(99), 13-29. Napoli, P. M. (2003). Audience economics: Media institutions and the audience marketplace. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(37), 15583-15587. Oulasvirta, A., Rattenbury, T., Ma, L., & Raita, E. (2012). Habits make smartphone use more pervasive. Personal & Ubiquitous Computing, 16(1), 105-114. Panek, E. (2014). Left to their own devices: college students' ''guilty pleasure'' media use and time management. Communication Research, 41(4), 561-577. Park, N. (2010). Adoption and use of computer-based voice over Internet protocol phone service: toward an integrated model. Journal of Communication, 60(1), 40-72. Peng, T. Q., & Zhu, J. J. (2011). Sophistication of Internet usage (SIU) and its attitudinal antecedents: An empirical study in Hong Kong. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 421-431. Pilotta, J. J., Schultz, D. E., Drenik, G., & Rist, P. (2004). Simultaneous media usage: A critical consumer orientation to media planning. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 3(3), 285-292. Reinecke, L., Hartmann, T., & Eden, A. (2014). The guilty couch potato: The role of ego depletion in reducing recovery through media use. Journal of Communication, 64(4), 569-589. Rice, E., & Barman-Adhikari, A. (2014). Internet and social media use as a resource among homeless youth. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(2), 232-247. Rosen, C. (2008). The myth of multitasking. The New Atlantis, 20(Spring), 105-110. Rubinstein, Eli A. (Eli Abraham), & Comstock, George A. (1972). Television and adolescent aggressiveness. National Institute of Mental Health. Schramm, W., Lyle, J. & Parker, E. B. (1961). 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Journal of Communication, 62(2), 363-379. Van den Bulck, J., & Van den Bergh, B. (2000). The influence of perceived parental guidance patterns on children's media use: Gender differences and media displacement. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(3), 329-348. Vergeer, M., & Pelzer, B. (2009). Consequences of media and Internet use for offline and online network capital and well-being. a causal model approach. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15(1), 189-210(22). Voorveld, H. A. M., Segijn, C. M., Ketelaar, P., & Smit, E. G. (2014). Investigating the prevalence and predictors of media multitasking across countries. International Journal of Communication, 8, 2755-2777. Voorveld, H. A., & van der Goot, M. (2013). Age differences in media multitasking: A diary study. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(3), 392-408. Wallis, C. (2010). The impacts of media multitasking on children’s learning and development: Report from a research seminar. 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