注释 [1]据 Bryant& Miron(2004)的研究,1956-2000,近50年间,“使用与满足”理论成为三大传播期刊( Journalisn&Mass Communication quarterly,JyoQ: Journal of commnication,JoC: Journal of broadcastin& Electronic)中使用频率最高的理论 与议程设置理论并列 [2]这三项里程碑性的研究包括,“儿童生活中的电视:早期研究”、“卫生局长报告:电视与社会行为”以及“电视与行为:10年 [3]包括印刷媒介、电视、电脑视频、音乐、非音乐音频、电脑游戏、电话、即时通讯、短信、邮件、浏览网页以及其他:其中“短 信”的使用难以以小时计,故未纳入计算 4] MailOnline: Youngsters check their phones every ten minutes: One in 20 looks at their mobile every minute of the y.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2547780/youngsters-check-phones-ten-minutes-one-20-looks-mobile- [5]比如刷微信行为,中间的间隔时间是用来等待新的内容,新的内容的增加过程即是一种奖励增加的过程 [6]来源于 google于2013与益普索集团媒介研究( Ipsos MediaCT)共同合作的“2013 Our Mobile planet”研究报告,研究覆盖47 个国家,44400位参与者 参考文献: [1]保罗·F·拉扎斯菲尔德.人民的选择[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2012 [2]戴维·克劳利&保罗·海尔.传播的历史.北京:北京大学出版社,2011 [3]罗杰斯.传播学史[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2002 [4]洛厄里&德弗勒.大众传播效果研究的里程碑(第三版)[M.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009 [5] Abelman, R, Atkin, D. (2000). What children watch when they watch TV: Putting theory into practice. Jounal o podcasting Electronic Media, 44(1), 143-154 [6] Betchel, R. B,& Achelpohl, C. (1972). Correlates between observed behaviors and questionnaire responses on television viewing. Television and social behavior, Volume 4. [7] Bilandzic, H. Krotz, F. (2006). Introduction to the special issue: Media use and selectivi communicAions 31:257-259 .8] Boase, J.,& Ling, R.(2013). Measuring mobile phone use: Self-report versus log data. Journal of Computer-Mediated ommunication, 18(4). 508-519 S. A,& Gips, J.(2011). Media multitasking behavior: Concurrent television and computer usage yberpsychology Behavior Social Nenworking, 14(9), 527-534 10] Bryant, J. Miron, D.(2004). Theory and research in mass communication. Journal of Cor aon,54(4),662-704 11] Burton-Jones, A,& Straub, D. W.(2006). Reconceptualizing system usage: An approach and empirical test. Information Systems Research, 17(3), 228-246. [12] Christensen, C. G, Bickham, D, Ross, C. S,& Rich, M. (2015). Multitasking with television among adolescents. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 59(1), 130-148 [13] Compeau, D, Higgins, C. A.& Huff, S.(1999). Social cognitive theory and individual reactions to computing chnology: A longitudinal MIS Quarterl,23(2),145-158 [14] Donald F. R. Ulla G. F. (2008). Trends in Media Use. The Future of Children, 18(1),11-38 [15] Eggermont, S.(2006). Developmental changes in adolescents' television viewing habits: Longitudinal trajectories in a three-wave panel study. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 50(4),742-761 [16] Fishbein, S. H. J. M. (2007). Predictors of multitasking with media: Media factors and audience factors. Media Psycholog,10(3),364-384. [17] Foehr, U. G. (2006). Media multitasking among American youth: Prevalence, predictors and pairings. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. [18] Gaddy, G. D.(1986). Televisions impact on high school achievement. Public Opinion 50(3),340-359. [19] Ha, L,& Chan-0lmsted, S. M.(2004). Cross-media use in electronic media: the ro e television web sites in cable television network branding and viewership. Journal of Broadcasting Electroni 48(4),620-645 [20] Haddington, P, Rauniomaa, M.(2011). Technologies, multitasking, and drivin to and preparing for a obile phone conversation in a car. Human Communication Research, 37(2), 223-254. [21] Herzog, H, (1942-1943). What Do We Really Know about Daytime Serial Listeners?. Radio Research. New York: Duel Sloan, and Pearce, 3-33 [22]horrigan,J.b.(2007).AtypologyofinformationandcommunicationtechnologyusersRetrievedfrom<http://w ewinternet. org/pdfs/PIP ICT_ Typology. pdf/>. [23] Hunt, D, Atkin, D,& Krishnan, A. (2012). The influence of computer-mediated communication apprehension on tives for Facebook use. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 56(2), 187-202. [24] Ishii, K.(2006). Implications of mobility: The uses of personal communication media in everyday life. Journal of Communication,56(2),346-365 [25] Iyengar, S,& Hahn, K. S. (2009). Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use Journal of Communication, 59(1), 19-39 [26]Jones, S, Johnson-Yale, C, Millermaier, S,& Perez, F. S. (2009). U.S. college students' Internet use: Race gender and digital divides. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(2), 244-264 [27] Jung, J. Y, Qiu, J. L,& Kim, Y. C.(2001). Internet connectedness and inequality beyond the " divide ommunication Research, 28(4), 507-535. 28] Kim, Y, Hsu, S. H,& de Zuniga, H. G.(2013). Influence of social media use on discussion network heterogeneity and civic engagement: The moderating role of personality traits. Journal of Commnication, 63(3), 498-516. 71 1994-2016ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net71 注释： 参考文献： 保罗•F•拉扎斯菲尔德.人民的选择[M]. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社，2012. 戴维•克劳利 & 保罗•海尔. 传播的历史[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社，2011. 罗杰斯. 传播学史[M]. 上海: 上海译文出版社，2002. 洛厄里 & 德弗勒.大众传播效果研究的里程碑（第三版）[M]. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社，2009. Abelman, R., & Atkin, D. (2000). What children watch when they watch TV: Putting theory into practice. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(1), 143-154. Betchel, R. B., & Achelpohl, C. (1972). Correlates between observed behaviors and questionnaire responses on television viewing. Television and social behavior, Volume 4. Bilandzic, H. & Krotz, F. (2006). Introduction to the special issue: Media use and selectivity. Communications, 31:257-259. Boase, J., & Ling, R. (2013). Measuring mobile phone use: Self-report versus log data. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(4), 508-519. Brasel, S. A., & Gips, J. (2011). Media multitasking behavior: Concurrent television and computer usage. Cyberpsychology Behavior & Social Networking, 14(9), 527-534. Bryant, J. & Miron, D. (2004). Theory and research in mass communication. Journal of Communication, 54(4), 662-704. Burton-Jones, A., & Straub, D. W. (2006). Reconceptualizing system usage: An approach and empirical test. Information Systems Research, 17(3), 228-246. Christensen, C. G., Bickham, D., Ross, C. S., & Rich, M. (2015). Multitasking with television among adolescents. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(1), 130-148. Compeau, D., Higgins, C. A. & Huff, S. (1999). Social cognitive theory and individual reactions to computing technology: A longitudinal study. MIS Quarterly, 23(2), 145-158. Donald F. R. & Ulla G. F. (2008). Trends in Media Use. The Future of Children, 18(1), 11-38. Eggermont, S. (2006). Developmental changes in adolescents' television viewing habits: Longitudinal trajectories in a three-wave panel study. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50(4), 742-761. Fishbein, S. H. J. M. (2007). Predictors of multitasking with media: Media factors and audience factors. Media Psychology, 10(3), 364-384. Foehr, U. G. (2006). Media multitasking among American youth: Prevalence, predictors and pairings. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Gaddy, G. D. (1986). Television's impact on high school achievement. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50(3), 340-359. Ha, L., & Chan-Olmsted, S. M. (2004). Cross-media use in electronic media: the role of cable television web sites in cable television network branding and viewership. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(4), 620-645. Haddington, P., & Rauniomaa, M. (2011). Technologies, multitasking, and driving: Attending to and preparing for a mobile phone conversation in a car. Human Communication Research, 37(2), 223-254. Herzog, H, (1942-1943). What Do We Really Know about Daytime Serial Listeners?. Radio Research. New York: Duel, Sloan, and Pearce, 3-33. Horrigan, J.B. (2007). A typology of information and communication technology users. Retrieved from <http://www. pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_ICT_Typology.pdf/>. Hunt, D., Atkin, D., & Krishnan, A. (2012). The influence of computer-mediated communication apprehension on motives for Facebook use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(2), 187-202. Ishii, K. (2006). Implications of mobility: The uses of personal communication media in everyday life. Journal of Communication, 56(2), 346-365. Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S. (2009). Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use. Journal of Communication, 59(1), 19-39. Jones, S., Johnson-Yale, C., Millermaier, S., & Perez, F. S. (2009). U.S. college students’ Internet use: Race, gender and digital divides. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(2), 244-264. Jung, J. Y., Qiu, J. L., & Kim, Y. C. (2001). Internet connectedness and inequality beyond the “divide”. Communication Research, 28(4), 507-535. Kim, Y., Hsu, S. H., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2013). Influence of social media use on discussion network heterogeneity and civic engagement: The moderating role of personality traits. Journal of Communication, 63(3), 498-516. 据Bryant & Miron(2004)的研究，1956-2000，近50年间，“使用与满足”理论成为三大传播期刊（Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, JMCQ; Journal of Communication, JOC; Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic）中使用频率最高的理论， 与议程设置理论并列。 这三项里程碑性的研究包括，“儿童生活中的电视：早期研究”、“卫生局长报告：电视与社会行为”以及“电视与行为：10年 的进展”。 包括印刷媒介、电视、电脑视频、音乐、非音乐音频、电脑游戏、电话、即时通讯、短信、邮件、浏览网页以及其他；其中“短 信”的使用难以以小时计，故未纳入计算。 MailOnline: Youngsters check their phones every ten minutes: One in 20 looks at their mobile every minute of the day. http://www.dailymail.co.uk /news/article-2547780/Youngsters-check-phones-ten-minutes-One-20-looks- mobile￾minute-day.html. 比如刷微信行为，中间的间隔时间是用来等待新的内容，新的内容的增加过程即是一种奖励增加的过程。 来源于Google于2013与益普索集团媒介研究（Ipsos MediaCT）共同合作的“2013 Our Mobile Planet”研究报告，研究覆盖47 个国家，44400 位参与者。 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28]