L9 Procedural Summary Change the voice Use a synonym,but do not change the original meaning Change the class of words---e.g.,Nominalization Change word order or information order Combination of strategies above 2.2 Right OR Wrong in paraphrasing---Decide whether the following are true in academic writing: ()A reference is necessary when someone else's idea is used,not just their words. ()Paraphrasing is done when you confidently understand the meaning. ()Paraphrases must include all the original information. ()Not all words must be replaced by synonyms. ()Readers will see which statement is a paraphrase and which is the author's idea. ()Plagiarism-detecting software will detect things your tutor doesn't. ()Mixing paraphrases and direct quote achieves language variety. 2.3 Steps to paraphrase: Break the original text into single important points; Analyze the relationship between the points; Determine the best linking expressions to show the relationship; Determine the synonyms to replace the original expression of the points; Change word order or order of information. Ex.9-4 Follow the steps above and write 2 paraphrases of the short text below. Passive safety systems help lessen the impact of driving accidents. They do nothing to contribute to preventing drivers from getting into an accident. Single important points: Linking phrases or expressions (use your own to illustrate the relationship between the important points): Possible synonyms: impact-→ prevent→ accident-→ getting into an accident> Paraphrase 1: Paraphrase 2: 3.Reporting verbs in summary writing Different reporting verbs(demonstrate,claim,state,etc.)are frequent in different disciplines. In the following table the most frequently used reporting verbs from a variety of disciplines are listed,with the most frequent on the left. Classroom Teamwork:Look again but briefly at where the authors mention previous researches in your chosen articles.Is it the same case on the frequency rank of reporting verbs in your discipline with that in the table?Or is the case in your discipline similar to that of a field in the table? 5/7L9 Procedural & Summary 5 / 7 Change the voice Use a synonym, but do not change the original meaning Change the class of words --- e.g., Nominalization Change word order or information order Combination of strategies above 2.2 Right OR Wrong in paraphrasing --- Decide whether the following are true in academic writing: ( ) A reference is necessary when someone else’s idea is used, not just their words. ( ) Paraphrasing is done when you confidently understand the meaning. ( ) Paraphrases must include all the original information. ( ) Not all words must be replaced by synonyms. ( ) Readers will see which statement is a paraphrase and which is the author’s idea. ( ) Plagiarism-detecting software will detect things your tutor doesn’t. ( ) Mixing paraphrases and direct quote achieves language variety. 2.3 Steps to paraphrase: Break the original text into single important points; Analyze the relationship between the points; Determine the best linking expressions to show the relationship; Determine the synonyms to replace the original expression of the points; Change word order or order of information. Ex. 9-4 Follow the steps above and write 2 paraphrases of the short text below. Passive safety systems help lessen the impact of driving accidents. They do nothing to contribute to preventing drivers from getting into an accident. Single important points: Linking phrases or expressions (use your own to illustrate the relationship between the important points): Possible synonyms: impact prevent  accident getting into an accident  Paraphrase 1: Paraphrase 2: 3. Reporting verbs in summary writing Different reporting verbs (demonstrate, claim, state, etc.) are frequent in different disciplines. In the following table the most frequently used reporting verbs from a variety of disciplines are listed, with the most frequent on the left. Classroom Teamwork: Look again but briefly at where the authors mention previous researches in your chosen articles. Is it the same case on the frequency rank of reporting verbs in your discipline with that in the table? Or is the case in your discipline similar to that of a field in the table?