L9 Procedural Summary Reporting verbs'frequency rank Discipline Rank 1 2 3 6 Harder Sciences Biology describe find report show suggest observe Physics develop report study find expand Electrical Engineering propose use describe show publish develop Mechanical Engineering describe show report discuss give develop Medicine show report demonstrate observe find suggest Softer Sciences Marketing suggest argue find demonstrate propose show Psychology find show suggest report demonstrate focus Philosophy say suggest argue claim point think Data for Biology,Physics,Electrical Engineering.and Mechanical Engineering from Hyland,K Academic Attribution:Citation and the Construction of Disciplinary Knowledge.Applied Linguistics 20(1999):341-367.Other data thanks to Carson Maynard. 4. Summary writing and synthesizing multiple sources Writing tasks that require you to deal with more than one source are common in academic situations.Such summaries require you to analyze and use information from two or more sources that may overlap,slightly differ,or contradict each other.You need to infer and make explicit the relationships among them,and reveal your understanding of a line of inquiry in your field together with the accepted knowledge and the debates. When you finish writing the summary as a typical component of academic writing,go on to write your reactions or thoughts about the sections you have identified as important,and integrate them into your research paper,dissertation,or publication.Keep in mind that information from sources should support,but not become or be offered instead of,your own interpretation and explanation. In your writing research papers,the summary may be shortened into one single sentence or even a part of a sentence to be integrated into your own ideas in the interactive,coherent,and the most logical way as a support.Synthesizing multiple sources works for your specific purpose of writing in approximately the same manner. Assignments: 1.Teamwork: Further your work on the high-frequency reporting verbs in your discipline by shifting to more sample articles;build your academic vocabulary of reporting verbs in your discipline. 2.Individual work:Choose one from the options below. Option A-on your Methodology writing: Improve your own previous writing of the Methodology (the Discussion,in case of ICCI Majors)by following the checklists in this handout.You are supposed to present your improvements to your team member(s)and seek comments from 6/7L9 Procedural & Summary 6 / 7 Discipline Reporting verbs’ frequency rank Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 Harder Sciences Biology Physics Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine describe develop propose describe show find report use show report report study describe report demonstrate show find show discuss observe suggest expand publish give find observe develop develop suggest Softer Sciences Marketing Psychology Philosophy suggest find say argue show suggest find suggest argue demonstrate report claim propose demonstrate point show focus think Data for Biology, Physics, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering from Hyland, K Academic Attribution: Citation and the Construction of Disciplinary Knowledge. Applied Linguistics 20 (1999): 341–367. Other data thanks to Carson Maynard. 4. Summary writing and synthesizing multiple sources Writing tasks that require you to deal with more than one source are common in academic situations. Such summaries require you to analyze and use information from two or more sources that may overlap, slightly differ, or contradict each other. You need to infer and make explicit the relationships among them, and reveal your understanding of a line of inquiry in your field together with the accepted knowledge and the debates. When you finish writing the summary as a typical component of academic writing, go on to write your reactions or thoughts about the sections you have identified as important, and integrate them into your research paper, dissertation, or publication. Keep in mind that information from sources should support, but not become or be offered instead of, your own interpretation and explanation. In your writing research papers, the summary may be shortened into one single sentence or even a part of a sentence to be integrated into your own ideas in the interactive, coherent, and the most logical way as a support. Synthesizing multiple sources works for your specific purpose of writing in approximately the same manner. Assignments: 1. Teamwork: Further your work on the high-frequency reporting verbs in your discipline by shifting to more sample articles; build your academic vocabulary of reporting verbs in your discipline. 2. Individual work: Choose one from the options below. Option A – on your Methodology writing: Improve your own previous writing of the Methodology (/ the Discussion, in case of ICCI Majors) by following the checklists in this handout. You are supposed to present your improvements to your team member(s) and seek comments from