XX List of Abbreviations empirical solvent polarity parameter based on the d-absorption of a tungsten complex(Lees) kJ·mol-!or kcal.mol-l Er(30) empirical solvent polarity parameter, kcal mol- based on the intramolecular CT absorption of a pyridinium-N- phenolate betaine dye(Dimroth and Reichardt) E normalized Er(30)solvent polarity parameter(Reichardt) empirical solvent polarity parameter, kcal.mol- based on the n一π*absorption of an S-oxide (Walter) EPA electron-pair acceptor EPD electron-pair donor relative permittivity (=/Eo) ("dielectric constant") 元'absorptiono G IR based empirical solvent polarity parameter(Schleyer and Allerhand) G standard molar Gibbs energy change kI.mol-! AG standard molar Gibbs energy of kJ.mol- activation △Go standard molar Gibbs energy of kI.mol- solvation △Gt standard molar Gibbs energy of kJ.mol-1 hydration △G(X,0→S), standard molar Gibbs energy of kJ.mol-1 △GX,W-S) transfer of solute X from a reference solvent(O)or water(W)to another solvent(S) activity coefficient of solute i AH standard molar enthalpy change kI.mol- AH standard molar enthalpy of activation kJmol- △H molar enthalpy (heat)of kJ:mol vapourization Ho acidity function(Hammett) A hydrogen-bond acceptorE MLCT empirical solvent polarity parameter, based on the d ! p absorption of a tungsten complex (Lees) ET molar electronic transition energy, molar electronic excitation energy kJ
mol1 or kcal
mol1 ETð30Þ empirical solvent polarity parameter, based on the intramolecular CT absorption of a pyridinium-N￾phenolate betaine dye (Dimroth and Reichardt) kcal
mol1 E N T normalized ETð30Þ solvent polarity parameter (Reichardt) ESO T empirical solvent polarity parameter, based on the n ! p absorption of an S-oxide (Walter) kcal
mol1 EPA electron-pair acceptor EPD electron-pair donor er relative permittivity (¼e=e0) (‘‘dielectric constant’’) F empirical solvent polarity parameter, based on the n ! p absorption of ketones (Dubois) G IR based empirical solvent polarity parameter (Schleyer and Allerhand) DG standard molar Gibbs energy change kJ
mol1 DG0 standard molar Gibbs energy of activation kJ
mol1 DG solv standard molar Gibbs energy of solvation kJ
mol1 DG hydr standard molar Gibbs energy of hydration kJ
mol1 DG t ðX; O!SÞ, DG t ðX; W!SÞ standard molar Gibbs energy of transfer of solute X from a reference solvent (O) or water (W) to another solvent (S) kJ
mol1 gi activity coe‰cient of solute i DH standard molar enthalpy change kJ
mol1 DH0 standard molar enthalpy of activation kJ
mol1 DHv molar enthalpy (heat) of vapourization kJ
mol1 H0 acidity function (Hammett) HBA hydrogen-bond acceptor XX List of Abbreviations