www.nature.com/scientificreports/ 37. ental DNA b ode for potential PCR biases.BM 20 ang.Y.et al.Compa shnwatetnteartidlwethadandmaninesedinmentsbyustng 46.1 re5 olution60.2399-240 47.Whte. 18.Langille,M. ve of microbial rRNA marker gene sequences Nat. Acknowledgements d No:315300 al Nature Sc analysed the data and wrote the paper ors revi Additional Information Supple ompanies this paper at http://ww om/srep Competing financial interestThe authors decare no competing financial interests oother third party ma sed unde 5C1 ENTIF1CREP0RTS16:268181D0t:10.10385rep26818 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Scientific Reports | 6:26818 | DOI: 10.1038/srep26818 1 0 37. Zhou, J. Z., Bruns, M. A. & Tiedje, J. M. DNA recovery from soils of diverse composition. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 316–322 (1996). 38. Xiong, J. et al. Geographic distance and pH drive bacterial distribution in alkaline lake sediments across Tibetan Plateau. Environ. Microbiol. 14, 2457–2466 (2012). 39. Bellemain, E. et al. ITS as an environmental DNA barcode for fungi: an in silico approach reveals potential PCR biases. BMC Microbiol. 10, 189 (2010). 40. Juck, D., Charles, T., Whyte, L. G. & Greer, C. W. Polyphasic microbial community analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils from two northern Canadian communities. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 33, 241–249 (2000). 41. Park, E. J. et al. Application of quantitative real-time PCR for enumeration of total bacterial, archaeal, and yeast populations in kimchi. J. Microbiol. 47, 682–685 (2009). 42. Caporaso, J. G. et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat. Methods 7, 335–336 (2010). 43. Abarenkov, K. et al. The UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi – recent updates and future perspectives. New Phytol. 186, 281–285 (2010). 44. Wang, Q., Garrity, G. M., Tiedje, J. M. & Cole, J. R. Naïve bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 5261–5267 (2007). 45. Wang, Y. et al. Comparison of the levels of bacterial diversity in freshwater, intertidal wetland, and marine sediments by using millions of illumina tags. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 8264–8271 (2012). 46. Meirmans, P. G. Using the AMOVA framwork to estimate a standardized genetic differential measure. Evolution 60, 2399–2402 (2006). 47. White, J. R., Nagarajan, N. & Pop, M. Statistical methods for detecting differentially abundant features in clinical metagenomic samples. Plos Comput. Biol. 5, e1000352 (2009). 48. Langille, M. G. I. et al. Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences. Nat. Biotechnol. 31, 814–821 (2013). Acknowledgements This work was supported by two grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 31271922 and No. 31530055), three grants from the High Tech Development Program of China (863 Project) (No. 2012AA021301, No. 2013AA102106, and No. 2014AA021501) and two grants from the National Engineering Research Centre of Solid-State Brewing (No. 2011B2211 and No. GCKF201109). Author Contributions Z.-H.X. and J.-S.S. conceived and designed the experiments. Z.-M.W. and Z.-M.L. performed the experiments, analysed the data and wrote the paper. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Additional Information Accession codes: The sequences data reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (No. SRP059163). Supplementary information accompanies this paper at http://www.nature.com/srep Competing financial interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests. How to cite this article: Wang, Z.-M. et al. Exploring flavour-producing core microbiota in multispecies solidstate fermentation of traditional Chinese vinegar. Sci. Rep. 6, 26818; doi: 10.1038/srep26818 (2016). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/