The World Health Report 2002 Influence of special interest groups on risk perceptions 39 Importance of mass media in risk perceptions 42 Importance of perceptions in successful risk prevention QUANTIFYING SELECTED MAJOR RISKS TO HEALTH Risks to health and socioeconomic status 49 Rates of poverty across the world Relationships between risk factor levels and poverty Potential impact on risk factor levels of shifting poverty distributions Burden of disease and injury attributable to selected risk factors Childhood and maternal undernutrition 52 52 lodine deficiency Iron deficiency Vitamin a deficiency Zinc deficiency 55 Lack of breastfeeding 56 Other diet-related risk factors and physical inactivity igh blood pressure Obesity, overweight and high body mass Low fruit and vegetable intake 61 Sexual and reproductive health Unsafe sex Lack of contraception Addictive substances Smoking and oral tol acco use Alcohol use 65 Illicit drug u 66 Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene Urban air pollution Indoor smoke from solid fuels Lead e Climate change Other environmental risks to health Work-related risk factors for injuri Work-related carcinogens Work-related airborne particulates Work-related ergonomic stressors Work-related noise Other risks to health Unsafe health care practices Abuse and violence Global patterns of risks to health 012345万667898888 it all together-what is possibl Estimates of the joint effects of selected risk factors Estimates of avoidable burden The need for cost-effectiveness analysesiv The World Health Report 2002 Influence of special interest groups on risk perceptions 39 Importance of mass media in risk perceptions 42 Importance of perceptions in successful risk prevention 43 CHAPTER 4 QUANTIFYING SELECTED MAJOR RISKS TO HEALTH 47 Risks to health and socioeconomic status 49 Rates of poverty across the world 50 Relationships between risk factor levels and poverty 50 Potential impact on risk factor levels of shifting poverty distributions 51 Burden of disease and injury attributable to selected risk factors 52 Childhood and maternal undernutrition 52 Underweight 52 Iodine deficiency 54 Iron deficiency 54 Vitamin A deficiency 55 Zinc deficiency 55 Lack of breastfeeding 56 Other diet-related risk factors and physical inactivity 57 High blood pressure 57 High cholesterol 58 Obesity, overweight and high body mass 60 Low fruit and vegetable intake 60 Physical inactivity 61 Sexual and reproductive health 61 Unsafe sex 62 Lack of contraception 63 Addictive substances 64 Smoking and oral tobacco use 64 Alcohol use 65 Illicit drug use 66 Environmental risks 67 Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene 68 Urban air pollution 68 Indoor smoke from solid fuels 69 Lead exposure 70 Climate change 71 Other environmental risks to health 72 Selected occupational risks 73 Work-related risk factors for injuries 74 Work-related carcinogens 75 Work-related airborne particulates 75 Work-related ergonomic stressors 76 Work-related noise 76 Other risks to health 77 Unsafe health care practices 78 Abuse and violence 79 Global patterns of risks to health 81 Putting it all together – what is possible? 85 Estimates of the joint effects of selected risk factors 85 Estimates of avoidable burden 88 The need for cost-effectiveness analyses 92