Annex Table 8 Malaria: magnitude of the problem by age, sex and WHO Region, Annex Table 9 Tobacco: magnitude of the problem by sex and WHO Region, estimates for 1998 Annex Table 10 Tuberculosis: magnitude of the problem by sex and WHO Region, 116 INDEX TABLES Table 1.1 Life expectancy at birth, selected countries, around 1910 and in 1998 Table 1. 2 Sources of mortality reduction, 1960-1990 Table 2.1 Health status of the poor versus the non-poor in selected countries, around 1990 19 Table 5.1 Tobacco: cigarette consumption, mortality and disease burden by WHO Region 67 Table 5.2 The ten largest tobacco companies, 1997 71 Table 5.3 Goals and principles of tobacco control policies 72 Table 5.4 Principles to guide tobacco control policies in different countries FIGURES Figure 1.1 Age distribution of deaths in Chile, females, 1909 and 1999 cohorts Figure 1.2 Declines in fertility by WHO Region, 1950 and 1998 Figure 1.3 Distribution of the population of the South-East Asia Region, by age and sex, 19502000and2050 2345 Figure 1.4 The role of improvements in income in reducing infant mortality rates Figure 1.5 Links between health and income Figure 2.1 Distribution of deaths by cause for two cohorts from Chile, 1909 and 1999 Figure 2.2 The emerging challenges: DALYs attributable to noncommunicable diseases 134 in low and middle income countries. estimates for 1998 Figure 2.3 The emerging challenges: DALYs attributable to injuries in low and middle ountries. estimates for 1998 Figure 2.4 Distribution of the probability of death, selected countries, around 1990 Figure 2.5 DALYs attributable to conditions in the unfinished agenda in low and middle income, countries, estimates for 1998 Figure 2.6 Infant mortality rate related to income Figure 2.7 Reductions in wild poliovirus transmission between 1988 and 1998 Figure 3.1 Infant mortality rate relative to income, China, 1962-1992 Figure 3.2 Global immunization coverage, 1987-1997 Figure 3.3 Who bears the risk of health care costs? The impact of different financing schemes and provider payment systems Figure 3.4 Health insurance status of China's population, 1981 and 1993 Figure 3.5 Funding, risk pooling and coverage pattems Figure 3.6 Alternatives for moving towards prepaid health services Figure 4.1 Malaria risk across sub-Saharan Africa according to population density Figure 4.2 Comparative cost-effectiveness of selected malaria control interventions in a typical low income African country, US$, 1995 Figure 4.3 Comparative affordability of selected malaria control interventions total cost of full coverage as a percentage of a public sector health care budget for a typical low income African country Figure 5.1 Premature deaths from tobacco use, projections for 2000-2024 and 2025-2049 66 Figure 5.2 Trends in per capita cigarette consumption, 1971, 1981 and 1991 Figure 5.3 Age at which nicotine addiction starts, USA, 1991Message from the Director-General v Annex Table 8 Malaria: magnitude of the problem by age, sex and WHO Region, estimates for 1998 115 Annex Table 9 Tobacco: magnitude of the problem by sex and WHO Region, estimates for 1998 115 Annex Table 10 Tuberculosis: magnitude of the problem by sex and WHO Region, estimates for 1998 116 INDEX 117 TABLES Table 1.1 Life expectancy at birth, selected countries, around 1910 and in 1998 2 Table 1.2 Sources of mortality reduction, 1960–1990 5 Table 2.1 Health status of the poor versus the non-poor in selected countries, around 1990 19 Table 5.1 Tobacco: cigarette consumption, mortality and disease burden by WHO Region 67 Table 5.2 The ten largest tobacco companies, 1997 71 Table 5.3 Goals and principles of tobacco control policies 72 Table 5.4 Principles to guide tobacco control policies in different countries 73 FIGURES Figure 1.1 Age distribution of deaths in Chile, females,1909 and 1999 cohorts 2 Figure 1.2 Declines in fertility by WHO Region, 1950 and 1998 3 Figure 1.3 Distribution of the population of the South-East Asia Region, by age and sex, 1950, 2000 and 2050 4 Figure 1.4 The role of improvements in income in reducing infant mortality rates 5 Figure 1.5 Links between health and income 11 Figure 2.1 Distribution of deaths by cause for two cohorts from Chile, 1909 and 1999 13 Figure 2.2 The emerging challenges: DALYs attributable to noncommunicable diseases in low and middle income countries, estimates for 1998 14 Figure 2.3 The emerging challenges: DALYs attributable to injuries in low and middle income countries, estimates for 1998 18 Figure 2.4 Distribution of the probability of death, selected countries, around 1990 20 Figure 2.5 DALYs attributable to conditions in the unfinished agenda in low and middle income, countries, estimates for 1998 21 Figure 2.6 Infant mortality rate related to income 23 Figure 2.7 Reductions in wild poliovirus transmission between 1988 and 1998 24 Figure 3.1 Infant mortality rate relative to income, China, 1962–1992 34 Figure 3.2 Global immunization coverage, 1987–1997 38 Figure 3.3 Who bears the risk of health care costs? The impact of different financing schemes and provider payment systems 39 Figure 3.4 Health insurance status of China’s population, 1981 and 1993 40 Figure 3.5 Funding, risk pooling and coverage patterns 41 Figure 3.6 Alternatives for moving towards prepaid health services 42 Figure 4.1 Malaria risk across sub-Saharan Africa according to population density and climate 52 Figure 4.2 Comparative cost-effectiveness of selected malaria control interventions in a typical low income African country, US$, 1995 57 Figure 4.3 Comparative affordability of selected malaria control interventions: total cost of full coverage as a percentage of a public sector health care budget for a typical low income African country 58 Figure 5.1 Premature deaths from tobacco use, projections for 2000–2024 and 2025–2049 66 Figure 5.2 Trends in per capita cigarette consumption, 1971, 1981 and 1991 67 Figure 5.3 Age at which nicotine addiction starts, USA, 1991 70