wing Progress towards Universal Coverage Risk sharing 3890 Policy choices Providing for the Future: the Role of Research and Development CHAPTER 4 ROLLING BACK MALARIA The Challenge of Malaria The health burden The economic burden The diverse and changing nature of the diseas Malaria Control: Past, Present and Future Control strategies, 1950-1990s rrent technology for effective intervention Future control strategies and research needs 995133581 A Global Programme to Roll Back Malaria CHAPTER 5 COMBATING THE TOBACCO EPIDEMIC The health and Economic Costs of Tobacco Use The economic costs Obstacles to Tobacco Control Lack of information on risks Tobacco use is an addiction 69 Tobacco dealers make enormous profits Principles of Control Using taxes and regulations to reduce consumption Encouraging cessation of tobacco use Building tobacco control coalitions, defusing opposition to control measures 74 Tobacco Control what some countries have achieved WHOs Tobacco free Initiative CHAPTER 6: MAKING A DIFFERENCE PART THREE STATISTICAL ANNEX Annex Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States Annex Table 2 Mortality by sex, cause and WHO Region, estimates for 1998 589%0 Annex Table 3 Burden of disease by sex, cause, and WHO Region, estimates for 1998 Annex Table 4 Leading causes of mortality and burden of disease, estimates for 1998 Annex Table 5 Demographic characteristics of WHO Regions, estimates for 1978 and 1998 111 Annex Table 6 Country performance on infant mortality and female life expectancy outcomes relative to income, 1952-1992 Annex Table 7 Country performance on equity: health conditions of advantaged and disadvantaged groups, around 1990iv The World Health Report 1999 Renewing Progress towards Universal Coverage 37 Risk sharing 38 Health care coverage 39 Policy choices 40 New universalism 43 Providing for the Future: the Role of Research and Development 43 CHAPTER 4: ROLLING BACK MALARIA 49 The Challenge of Malaria 49 The health burden 49 The economic burden 51 The diverse and changing nature of the disease 51 Malaria Control: Past, Present and Future 53 Control strategies, 1950–1990s 53 Current technology for effective interventions 55 Future control strategies and research needs 58 A Global Programme to Roll Back Malaria 61 CHAPTER 5: COMBATING THE TOBACCO EPIDEMIC 65 The Health and Economic Costs of Tobacco Use 65 Health consequences of tobacco 66 The economic costs 68 Obstacles to Tobacco Control 69 Lack of information on risks 69 Tobacco use is an addiction 69 Tobacco dealers make enormous profits 70 Principles of Control 72 Creating a “fair information” environment 72 Using taxes and regulations to reduce consumption 73 Encouraging cessation of tobacco use 74 Building tobacco control coalitions, defusing opposition to control measures 74 Tobacco Control: what some countries have achieved 75 WHO’s Tobacco Free Initiative 76 CHAPTER 6: MAKING A DIFFERENCE 81 PART THREE STATISTICAL ANNEX 85 Explanatory notes 86 Annex Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States 90 Annex Table 2 Mortality by sex, cause and WHO Region, estimates for 1998 98 Annex Table 3 Burden of disease by sex, cause, and WHO Region, estimates for 1998 104 Annex Table 4 Leading causes of mortality and burden of disease, estimates for 1998 110 Annex Table 5 Demographic characteristics of WHO Regions, estimates for 1978 and 1998 111 Annex Table 6 Country performance on infant mortality and female life expectancy: outcomes relative to income, 1952–1992 112 Annex Table 7 Country performance on equity: health conditions of advantaged and disadvantaged groups, around 1990 114