9.3 Cohesive devices in E-C translation: ●1. ellipsis and substitution替代和省略 ●名词性省略 In future trade the key development to watch is the relationship between the industrial (.and the developing nations. Historical evidence shows that birth (.)and death rates level off as countries move into the industrial stage.9.3 Cohesive devices in E-C translation: ⚫ 1． ellipsis and substitution替代和省略 ⚫ 名词性省略 ⚫ In future trade the key development to watch is the relationship between the industrial （.） and the developing nations. ⚫ Historical evidence shows that birth (.)and death rates level off as countries move into the industrial stage