xii CONTENTS 13.5 Performance Analysis /431 13.5.1 Random Uniform Traffic 431 13.5.2 Hot-Spot Traffic /432 13.5.3 Bursty Traffic /432 13.5.4 Hashing Schemes /432 13.5.5 Window-Based Resequencing Scheme /434 13.6 Prototype /434 14 LOAD-BALANCED SWITCHES 438 14.1 Birkhoff-Von Neumann Switch 438 14.2 Load-Balanced Birkhoff-von Neumann Switches /441 14.2.1 Load-Balanced Birkhoff-von Neumann Switch Architecture /441 14.2.2 Performance of Load-Balanced Birkhoff-von Neumann Switches /442 14.3 Load-Balanced Birkhoff-von Neumann Switches With FIFO Service /444 14.3.1 First Come First Served(FCFS)/446 14.3.2 Earliest Deadline First(EDF)and EDF-3DQ /450 14.3.3 Full Frames First(FFF)/451 14.3.4 Full Ordered Frames First(FOFF)/455 14.3.5 Mailbox Switch /456 14.3.6 Byte-Focal Switch /459 15 OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHES 468 15.1 Opto-Electronic Packet Switches /469 15.1.1 Hypass/469 15.1.2 Star-Track 471 15.1.3 Cisneros and Brackett /472 15.1.4 BNR(Bell-North Research)Switch 473 15.1.5 Wave-Mux Switch 474 15.2 Optoelectronic Packet Switch Case Study I /475 15.2.1 Speedup /476 15.2.2 Data Packet Flow /477 15.2.3 Optical Interconnection Network(OIN)/477 15.2.4 Ping-Pong Arbitration Unit 482 15.3 Optoelectronic Packet Switch Case Study II /490 15.3.1 Petabit Photonic Packet Switch Architecture /490 15.3.2 Photonic Switch Fabric (PSF)/495 15.4 All Optical Packet Switches 503 15.4.1 The Staggering Switch 503 15.4.2ATM0S/504Book1099 — “ftoc” — 2007/2/16 — 21:26 — page xii — #8 xii CONTENTS 13.5 Performance Analysis / 431 13.5.1 Random Uniform Traffic / 431 13.5.2 Hot-Spot Traffic / 432 13.5.3 Bursty Traffic / 432 13.5.4 Hashing Schemes / 432 13.5.5 Window-Based Resequencing Scheme / 434 13.6 Prototype / 434 14 LOAD-BALANCED SWITCHES 438 14.1 Birkhoff–Von Neumann Switch / 438 14.2 Load-Balanced Birkhoff–von Neumann Switches / 441 14.2.1 Load-Balanced Birkhoff–von Neumann Switch Architecture / 441 14.2.2 Performance of Load-Balanced Birkhoff–von Neumann Switches / 442 14.3 Load-Balanced Birkhoff–von Neumann Switches With FIFO Service / 444 14.3.1 First Come First Served (FCFS) / 446 14.3.2 Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and EDF-3DQ / 450 14.3.3 Full Frames First (FFF) / 451 14.3.4 Full Ordered Frames First (FOFF) / 455 14.3.5 Mailbox Switch / 456 14.3.6 Byte-Focal Switch / 459 15 OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHES 468 15.1 Opto-Electronic Packet Switches / 469 15.1.1 Hypass / 469 15.1.2 Star-Track / 471 15.1.3 Cisneros and Brackett / 472 15.1.4 BNR (Bell-North Research) Switch / 473 15.1.5 Wave-Mux Switch / 474 15.2 Optoelectronic Packet Switch Case Study I / 475 15.2.1 Speedup / 476 15.2.2 Data Packet Flow / 477 15.2.3 Optical Interconnection Network (OIN) / 477 15.2.4 Ping-Pong Arbitration Unit / 482 15.3 Optoelectronic Packet Switch Case Study II / 490 15.3.1 Petabit Photonic Packet Switch Architecture / 490 15.3.2 Photonic Switch Fabric (PSF) / 495 15.4 All Optical Packet Switches / 503 15.4.1 The Staggering Switch / 503 15.4.2 ATMOS / 504