工程科学学报，第37卷，第8期：1044-1048,2015年8月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.37,No.8:1044-1048,August 2015 D0l:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2015.08.011:http://journals..ustb.edu.cn 硅/碳复合材料的高温热解法制备及其电化学性能 王建平，田文怀四，杨道均，吴宁宁 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:wenhuaitian@sina.com 摘要采用高温热解方法成功地合成了高容量硅/碳复合负极材料.通过X射线衍射分析、热重分析、扫描电子显微镜观 察、透射电子显微镜观察、恒电流充放电测试、循环伏安法等手段研究了复合材料的性能.结果表明：硅/碳复合材料由S、C 以及少量Si0,组成：硅/碳复合材料中碳的质量分数约在39%左右：经电化学性能测试，在电流0.2mA下，该硅/碳复合材料 首次充电容量768m4hg,首次库仑效率75.6%，70次循环后可逆比容量仍为529mAhg,平均容量衰减率为0.44%.这 些性能改善归因于硅/碳复合材料中碳的引进，硅表面存在的碳涂层提供了一个快速锂运输通道，降低了电池的阻抗并且充 放电过程中稳定了电极的组成. 关键词锂离子电池：复合材料：负极材料：热解：电化学性能 分类号TM911 Synthesis and electrochemical properties of silicon/carbon composites prepared by high temperature pyrolysis WANG Jian-ping,TIAN Wen-huai,YANG Dao-jun,WU Ning-ning School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:wenhuaitian@sina.com ABSTRACT Silicon/carbon composites as anode materials for lithium batteries with high power capacity were synthesized by a high temperature pyrolysis method.The performances of the silicon/carbon composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction,thermogravi- metric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,galvanostatic cell cycling,and cyclic voltammetry.It is found that the silicon/carbon composites consist of silicon,carbon and few silicon dioxide phases,and the carbon content is about 39%.Electrochemical cycling tests of button cells show that the specific capacity is far more than that of carbon materials.The initial charge capacity of the silicon/earbon composites is 768 mAh"gat a current of 0.2mA and the initial coulombic efficiency is75.6%. After 70 cycles the reversible specific capacity is 529.0mAh-gand the average capacity deterioration rate of each cycle is 0.44%. These improvements can be attributed to the introduction of carbon in the Si/C composites and carbon coatings on the Si surface,which provide a rapid lithium transport pathway,reduce the cell impedance and stabilize the electrode structure during charge/discharge cycles. KEY WORDS lithium-ion batteries;composite materials:anode materials:pyrolysis:electrochemical properties 随着社会经济的发展和世界人口的增长，能源危 效环保的绿色能源成为科研工作者们关注的重点.锂 机和环境污染问题严重威胁着人类的可持续发展.为 离子电池以其优越的性能已成为手机、笔记本电脑、数 了实现人类的可持续发展，科学家提出能源和资源的 码相机等便携式电子产品的主导电源，并逐步拓展为 最充分利用技术和环境最小影响技术，研究和开发高 电动汽车和混合电动汽车用电源.石墨因其长的循环 收稿日期：201401-10工程科学学报，第 37 卷，第 8 期: 1044--1048，2015 年 8 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering，Vol． 37，No． 8: 1044--1048，August 2015 DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn2095--9389． 2015． 08． 011; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 硅 /碳复合材料的高温热解法制备及其电化学性能 王建平，田文怀，杨道均，吴宁宁 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院，北京 100083  通信作者，E-mail: wenhuaitian@ sina． com 摘 要 采用高温热解方法成功地合成了高容量硅/碳复合负极材料． 通过 X 射线衍射分析、热重分析、扫描电子显微镜观 察、透射电子显微镜观察、恒电流充放电测试、循环伏安法等手段研究了复合材料的性能． 结果表明: 硅/碳复合材料由 Si、C 以及少量 SiO2组成; 硅/碳复合材料中碳的质量分数约在 39% 左右; 经电化学性能测试，在电流 0. 2 mA 下，该硅/碳复合材料 首次充电容量 768 mAh·g － 1，首次库仑效率 75. 6% ，70 次循环后可逆比容量仍为 529 mAh·g － 1，平均容量衰减率为 0. 44% ． 这 些性能改善归因于硅/碳复合材料中碳的引进，硅表面存在的碳涂层提供了一个快速锂运输通道，降低了电池的阻抗并且充 放电过程中稳定了电极的组成． 关键词 锂离子电池; 复合材料; 负极材料; 热解; 电化学性能 分类号 TM911 Synthesis and electrochemical properties of silicon /carbon composites prepared by high temperature pyrolysis WANG Jian-ping，TIAN Wen-huai ，YANG Dao-jun，WU Ning-ning School of Materials Science and Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China  Corresponding author，E-mail: wenhuaitian@ sina． com ABSTＲACT Silicon/carbon composites as anode materials for lithium batteries with high power capacity were synthesized by a high temperature pyrolysis method． The performances of the silicon/carbon composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction，thermogravi￾metric analysis，scanning electron microscopy，transmission electron microscopy，galvanostatic cell cycling，and cyclic voltammetry． It is found that the silicon/carbon composites consist of silicon，carbon and few silicon dioxide phases，and the carbon content is about 39% ． Electrochemical cycling tests of button cells show that the specific capacity is far more than that of carbon materials． The initial charge capacity of the silicon/carbon composites is 768 mAh·g － 1 at a current of 0. 2 mA and the initial coulombic efficiency is 75. 6% ． After 70 cycles the reversible specific capacity is 529. 0 mAh·g － 1 and the average capacity deterioration rate of each cycle is 0. 44% ． These improvements can be attributed to the introduction of carbon in the Si /C composites and carbon coatings on the Si surface，which provide a rapid lithium transport pathway，reduce the cell impedance and stabilize the electrode structure during charge / discharge cycles． KEY WOＲDS lithium-ion batteries; composite materials; anode materials; pyrolysis; electrochemical properties 收稿日期: 2014--01--10 随着社会经济的发展和世界人口的增长，能源危 机和环境污染问题严重威胁着人类的可持续发展． 为 了实现人类的可持续发展，科学家提出能源和资源的 最充分利用技术和环境最小影响技术，研究和开发高 效环保的绿色能源成为科研工作者们关注的重点． 锂 离子电池以其优越的性能已成为手机、笔记本电脑、数 码相机等便携式电子产品的主导电源，并逐步拓展为 电动汽车和混合电动汽车用电源． 石墨因其长的循环