1.2 Cognitive linguistic theory and bi-or multilingualism Translational outcomes are affected by at least the following factors the degree of language dominance in the translator and how this is related to the direction of translation (into or out of the dominant language) the developmental trajectorylorder of acquisition of languages, stage of proficiency ), and the specific linguistic item(s) or task(s) in question1.2 Cognitive linguistic theory and bi- or multilingualism Translational outcomes are affected by at least the following factors: • the degree of language dominance in the translator and how this is related to， • the direction of translation (into or out of the dominant language), • the developmental trajectory(order of acquisition of languages, stage of proficiency), and • the specific linguistic item(s) or task(s) in question