A new computer system has been designed to stop ships sinking. The greatest danger 46. A)project C)system D)network a holed vessel is that flooding of its compartments will make the ship unstable 47. A)For As C)Since D)Once enough to capsize. It is estimated that nearly half the ships 42 during the Second 48. A)what B)how C)if D)that World War capsized because of the loss of 43 49. A)failed Pacer systems of Burlington, Massachusetts, has now a system devised 50. A)sunk C)exploded D)bombed by a 45 U.S. Navy officer, Stephen Drabousk, which effectively thought out 51. A)at D)for alternative strategies for the ship. The 46 is programmed with every possible 52. A)preservative B) D) suggested eventuality of flood damage the actual damage is keyed into the computer 53. A)without by D)with the operator is told by the computer the implications are and what can be 54. A)proofs done to re-stabilize the vessel Trials on the"American aircraft carrier USS Midway have that the reaction time to damage can be cut to a fiftieth. An incident was simulated in which the ship 得分|评卷人. eading Comprehension:(2 50 by two Exocet missiles causing flooding to 30 compartments. It took 10 In this section there are sereral passages followed by minutes 51 receipt of the flood damage information in the damage control centre to a full printout of damage effects, result of the countermeasures that won think is the best answer In a re-run of the incident 53 the computer program the damage control officer bok four and a quarter hours to establish the 54 of the damage and It is often helpful when thinking about biological processes to consider some apparently another four hours a decision could be taken on counter measures similar yet better understood non-biological process. In the case of visual perception an obvious Although the system can be used to provide damage control officers with advice, they do be color photography. Since in many respects eyes resemble cameras, and nd, f course, have to accept the information Quite often "the optimum(最适宜的) raphs, is it not reasonable to assume that perception is a sort of photograph solution"will be unacceptable for operational reasons. When that happens the system can be process whereby samples of the extemal world become spontaneously and accuratel asked for altermatives or the operator can interrogate the computer to find out what would reproduced somewhere inside our heads? Unfortunately, the answer must be no. The best that open if the officer's own solution was put into action can be said of the photographic analogy is that it points up what perception is not. Beyond this it is superficial and misleading. Four simple experiments should make the matter plain. 41. A)to B) D)for In the first a person i asked to match a pair of black and white dises, which are rotating at 42. A)survived B)sunk C) damaged D)built such a speed as to make them appear unifomly grey. One disc is standing in shadow, the other 43. A)weight B)protect D) in bright illumination. By adjusting the ration of black to white in one of the discs the subj 44. a)rebuilt B)invented D)designed tries to make it look the same as the other. The results show him to be remarkably accurate for 45. A)preserve B)reserve C)observ it seems he has made the proportion of black to bright in the brightly illuminated disc almost3 得 分 评卷人 A new computer system has been designed to stop ships sinking. The greatest dangerr 41 ra holed vessel is that flooding of its compartments will make the ship unstable enough to capsize. It is estimated that nearly half the shipsr 42 rduring the Second World War capsized because of the loss ofr 43 r. Pacer systems of Burlington, Massachusetts, has nowr 44 ra system devised by ar 45 rU.S. Navy officer, Stephen Drabousk, which effectively thought out alternative strategies for the ship. Ther 46 ris programmed with every possible eventuality of flood damage.r 47 rthe actual damage is keyed into the computer the operator is told by the computerr 48 rthe implications are and what can be done to re-stabilize the vessel. Trials on the “American aircraft carrier USS Midway” haver 49 rthat the reaction time to damage can be cut to a fiftieth. An incident was simulated in which the ship wasr 50 rby two Exocet missiles causing flooding to 30 compartments. It took 10 minutesr 51 rreceipt of the flood damage information in the damage control centre to a full printout of damage effects,r 52 rcountermeasures and an assessment of the result of the countermeasures. In a re-run of the incidentr 53 rthe computer program the damage control officer took four and a quarter hours to establish ther 54 rof the damage and another four hoursr 55 ra decision could be taken on counter measures. r Although the system can be used to provide damage control officers with advice, they do not, of course, have toracceptrthe information. Quite often “the roptimum（最适宜的） rsolution ” will be unacceptable for operational reasons. When that happens the system can be asked forr alternativesror the operator can interrogate the computer to find out what would happenr if rthe officer’s own solution was put into action. 41. A) to B) on C) in D) for 42. A) survived B) sunk C) damaged D) built 43. A) weight B) protection C) stability D) power 44. A) rebuilt B) invented C) refined D) designed 45. A) preserve B) reserve C) observe D) conserve 46. A) project B) computer C) system D) network 47. A) For B) As C) Since D) Once 48. A) what B) how C) if D) that 49. A) failed B) exposed C) shown D) succeeded 50. A) sunk B) hit C) exploded D) bombed 51. A) at B) over C) from D) for 52. A).preservative B) preventive C) implied D) suggested 53. A) without B) for C) by D) with 54. A) proofs B) effects C) solutions D) uncertainly 55. A) after B) before C) provided D) now that IV．Reading Comprehension: (1’×20) In this section there are several passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. ( A ) It is often helpful when thinking about biological processes to consider some apparently similar yet better understood non-biological process. In the case of visual perception an obvious choice would be color photography. Since in many respects eyes resemble cameras, and percepts photographs, is it not reasonable to assume that perception is a sort of photographic process whereby samples of the external world become spontaneously and accurately reproduced somewhere inside our heads? Unfortunately, the answer must be no. The best that can be said of the photographic analogy is that it points up what perception is not. Beyond this it is superficial and misleading. Four simple experiments should make the matter plain. In the first a person is asked to match a pair of black and white discs, which are rotating at such a speed as to make them appear uniformly grey. One disc is standing in shadow, the other in bright illumination. By adjusting the ration of black to white in one of the discs the subject tries to make it look the same as the other. The results show him to be remarkably accurate, for it seems he has made the proportion of black to bright in the brightly illuminated disc almost