工程科学学报.第43卷，第7期：871-882.2021年7月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.43,No.7:871-882,July 2021 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.11.15.001;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 金矿非氰化浸金研究进展 彭科波，高利坤四，饶兵，龚志辉，沈海榕，高广言，何飞，张明 昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，昆明650093 ☒通信作者，E-mail:20030032@kust.edu.cn 摘要随着易处理金矿石资源枯竭，含砷、含碳、高硫、超细颗粒金矿石已成为金矿开采的重点，这些难处理金矿通过常规 氰化浸金等方法浸出效果差，由于氰化物有剧毒，会危害人体健康，并严重污染生态环境.非氰化法浸金因具有环保、浸出速 率快、效率高等优点受到了广泛关注.在综述了硫代硫酸盐法、甘氨酸法、卤素法、石硫合剂法、碘化焙烧工艺、硫脲浸出法 和非水溶液浸金7种非氰浸金方法的浸金原理及其在推处理金矿方面的最新研究进展的基础上，讨论了非氰浸金方法存在 的浸出剂昂贵、浸出液中金回收困难、浸出体系复杂、浸出剂性质不稳定及消耗量大等问题，并对非氧浸金技术的发展方向 进行了展望. 关键词准处理金矿；非氰化浸金：硫代硫酸盐法：甘氨酸法：卤化物法：生物氧化硫脲浸出法 分类号TF831 Research progress of non-cyanide gold leaching in gold mines PENG Ke-bo,GAO Li-kun,RAO Bing,GONG Zhi-hui,SHEN Hai-rong,GAO Guang-yan.HE Fei,ZHANG Ming Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China Corresponding author,E-mail:20030032@kust.edu.cn ABSTRACT With the exhaustion of easy-to-treat gold ore resources,gold ores containing arsenic,carbon,high sulfur,and ultrafine particles have become the focus of gold mining.These difficult-to-treat gold ores have poor leaching effects through conventional cyanide leaching methods.The chemicals involved in the production process are highly toxic,which can endanger human health and seriously pollute the ecological environment.Some countries and regions have restricted or prohibited the use of cyanide to extract gold; besides,cyanide treatment contains copper,zinc,nickel,etc.When removing impurities from gold ores,these impurity metals will increase the consumption of cyanide and oxidant in the leaching system.At the same time,a film will be formed on the gold surface that hinders the leaching of gold in cyanide and reduces the leaching rate of gold.Gold-containing substances that are insoluble in the cyanide solution include antimony compounds,aurostibite,black bismuth gold ore,and gold-containing compounds formed during reduction roasting of lead,antimony,and arsenic minerals.Although these compounds are present in small quantities,they may account for a large proportion of the amount of gold lost during processing.Nevertheless,the cyanidation method is currently the main process for processing gold ores.Due to the existence of defects in the cyanidation method and the declining gold ore suitable for cyanide treatment,scholars from all over the world are studying alternatives for gold leaching to realize an efficient and environment-friendly recovery of gold in difficult-to-treat gold mines.This article summarized the methods of non-cyanide leaching of gold:thiosulfate method,glycine method,halide method,lime sulfur mixture method,iodination roasting process,biological oxidation thiourea leaching method,and non-aqueous gold leaching method.The gold leaching principles of seven non-cyanide gold leaching methods and the latest research progress in refractory gold mines were introduced.The development direction of non-cyanide leaching gold technology was prospected based on the problems of non-cyanide gold leaching methods such as expensive leaching agent,difficulty in recovering gold 收稿日期：2020-11-15 基金项目：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金资助项目(51764023)金矿非氰化浸金研究进展 彭科波，高利坤苣，饶    兵，龚志辉，沈海榕，高广言，何    飞，张    明 昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，昆明 650093 苣通信作者，E-mail：20030032@kust.edu.cn 摘    要    随着易处理金矿石资源枯竭，含砷、含碳、高硫、超细颗粒金矿石已成为金矿开采的重点，这些难处理金矿通过常规 氰化浸金等方法浸出效果差，由于氰化物有剧毒，会危害人体健康，并严重污染生态环境. 非氰化法浸金因具有环保、浸出速 率快、效率高等优点受到了广泛关注. 在综述了硫代硫酸盐法、甘氨酸法、卤素法、石硫合剂法、碘化焙烧工艺、硫脲浸出法 和非水溶液浸金 7 种非氰浸金方法的浸金原理及其在难处理金矿方面的最新研究进展的基础上，讨论了非氰浸金方法存在 的浸出剂昂贵、浸出液中金回收困难、浸出体系复杂、浸出剂性质不稳定及消耗量大等问题，并对非氰浸金技术的发展方向 进行了展望. 关键词    难处理金矿；非氰化浸金；硫代硫酸盐法；甘氨酸法；卤化物法；生物氧化硫脲浸出法 分类号    TF831 Research progress of non-cyanide gold leaching in gold mines PENG Ke-bo，GAO Li-kun苣 ，RAO Bing，GONG Zhi-hui，SHEN Hai-rong，GAO Guang-yan，HE Fei，ZHANG Ming Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: 20030032@kust.edu.cn ABSTRACT    With the exhaustion of easy-to-treat gold ore resources, gold ores containing arsenic, carbon, high sulfur, and ultrafine particles  have  become  the  focus  of  gold  mining.  These  difficult-to-treat  gold  ores  have  poor  leaching  effects  through  conventional cyanide leaching methods. The chemicals involved in the production process are highly toxic, which can endanger human health and seriously pollute the ecological environment. Some countries and regions have restricted or prohibited the use of cyanide to extract gold; besides,  cyanide  treatment  contains  copper,  zinc,  nickel,  etc.  When  removing  impurities  from  gold  ores,  these  impurity  metals  will increase the consumption of cyanide and oxidant in the leaching system. At the same time, a film will be formed on the gold surface that hinders  the  leaching  of  gold  in  cyanide  and  reduces  the  leaching  rate  of  gold.  Gold-containing  substances  that  are  insoluble  in  the cyanide  solution  include  antimony  compounds,  aurostibite,  black  bismuth  gold  ore,  and  gold-containing  compounds  formed  during reduction roasting of lead, antimony, and arsenic minerals. Although these compounds are present in small quantities, they may account for a large proportion of the amount of gold lost during processing. Nevertheless, the cyanidation method is currently the main process for  processing  gold  ores.  Due  to  the  existence  of  defects  in  the  cyanidation  method  and  the  declining  gold  ore  suitable  for  cyanide treatment, scholars from all over the world are studying alternatives for gold leaching to realize an efficient and environment-friendly recovery  of  gold  in  difficult-to-treat  gold  mines.  This  article  summarized  the  methods  of  non-cyanide  leaching  of  gold:  thiosulfate method, glycine method, halide method, lime sulfur mixture method, iodination roasting process, biological oxidation thiourea leaching method, and non-aqueous gold leaching method. The gold leaching principles of seven non-cyanide gold leaching methods and the latest research progress in refractory gold mines were introduced. The development direction of non-cyanide leaching gold technology was prospected based on the problems of non-cyanide gold leaching methods such as expensive leaching agent, difficulty in recovering gold 收稿日期: 2020−11−15 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金地区科学基金资助项目（51764023） 工程科学学报，第 43 卷，第 7 期：871−882，2021 年 7 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 43, No. 7: 871−882, July 2021 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.11.15.001; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn