©上特 “-wls 国上人生 Capsule Solid dosage form in which the drug substance and excipients are enclosed within a hard or soft-elastic Capsules capsule ·Hard capsules ·Soft capsules School of Pharmacy Chen Jian 20123 Sustained release capsules chenjian@sjtu.edu.cn Controlled release capsules ·Enteric capsules 图上生一 Hard Capsules 国生一 ©Advantages ·Conceal the smell .Improve drug stability .Bioavailability is generally good Flexibility in formulation in comparison to tablets Solidify the liquid drug .Obtain sustained-release or targeted-release .Ideal or clinical trials and widely used for preliminary drug trials 国垫生 ©f达Manufacture of Hard Capsules Disadvantages ®Shell composition .Number of suppliers of shells is limited .Gelatin Filling equipment slower than tableting ·Plasticizer .Generally more costly than tablets ·Colorants Not suitable for some kinds of drugs ·Opaquing agents Water or alcohol solution of drugs ·Preservatives .Efflorescent materials ·Water .Hygroscopic materials Extremely soluble materials 11 Capsules School of Pharmacy Chen Jian 2012.3 chenjian@sjtu.edu.cn Shanghai Jiao Tong University Capsule Solid dosage form in which the drug substance and excipients are enclosed within a hard or soft-elastic capsule • Hard capsules • Soft capsules • Sustained release capsules • Controlled release capsules • Enteric capsules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Hard Capsules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Advantages • Conceal the smell • Improve drug stability • Bioavailability is generally good • Flexibility in formulation in comparison to tablets • Solidify the liquid drug • Obtain sustained-release or targeted-release • Ideal or clinical trials and widely used for preliminary drug trials Shanghai Jiao Tong University Disadvantages • Number of suppliers of shells is limited • Filling equipment slower than tableting • Generally more costly than tablets • Not suitable for some kinds of drugs • Water or alcohol solution of drugs • Efflorescent materials • Hygroscopic materials • Extremely soluble materials Shanghai Jiao Tong University Manufacture of Hard Capsules Shell composition • Gelatin • Plasticizer • Colorants • Opaquing agents • Preservatives • Water