Practice 7 Read the passage and then complete the sentences by using the words given Animals communicate with one another by means of cries: for example, many birds utter warning calls at the approach of danger; apes utter different cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language. For instance, animals cries are not articulate(发音清晰的). This means basically, that they lack structure. They lack, for example, the kind of structure given by the contrast between vowels((原音) and consonants(辅音) They also lack the kind of structure that enables us to divide a human utterance into words We can change an utterance by replacing one word in it by another: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g, "tanks approaching from the north,or he can change one word and say "aircraft approaching from the north", but a bird has a single alarm cry, which means ange This is why the number of signals that an animal can make is very limited. In human language the number of possible utterances is infinite. It also explains why animal cries are very general in meaning illustration an exam uch as for instance the approach of danger many birds utter warning calls: this is communication with each other 2. Cries those of anger, fear and pleasure, are uttered by apes 3. There are important differences between human language and animal communication animals cries are not articulate 4. Animals cries lack the kind of structure that enables us to divide a human utterance into word 5. A good of changing an utterance by substituting one word for another is a soldier who can say"tanks approaching from the north"or"aircraft approaching from the north Practice 8 证明信 To whom it may concern This is to certify that Mr. Wang Xiaochen has been employed in our company as a typist for the past three years. He has faithfully attended to his duties and has proved himself to be industrious and thoroughly reliable Sincerely yours To whom it may concern: This is to certify that Mr. Li Yikang is physically and mentally healthy. This statement is based on his health history and a recent physical check-up. My observation of his health condition is that he is capable of doing extensive hard work both manually and intellectually Sincerely yours,Practice 7 Read the passage and then complete the sentences by using the words given Animals communicate with one another by means of cries: for example, many birds utter warning calls at the approach of danger; apes utter different cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language. For instance, animals' cries are not articulate(发音清晰的). This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack, for example, the kind of structure given by the contrast between vowels(原音) and consonants(.辅音). They also lack the kind of structure that enables us to divide a human utterance into words. We can change an utterance by replacing one word in it by another: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., "tanks approaching from the north"，or he can change one word and say "aircraft approaching from the north"; but a bird has a single alarm cry, which means "danger!" This is why the number of signals that an animal can make is very limited. In human language the number of possible utterances is infinite. It also explains why animal cries are very general in meaning. illustration for example an example such as for instance 1. At the approach of danger many birds utter warning calls: this is ____ of animals communication with each other. 2. Cries_____ those of anger, fear and pleasure, are uttered by apes. 3. There are important differences between human language and animal communication_____ animals' cries are not articulate. 4. Animals' cries lack, _____ , the kind of structure that enables us to divide a human utterance into words. 5. A good ______ of changing an utterance by substituting one word for another is a soldier who can say "tanks approaching from the north" or "aircraft approaching from the north". Practice 8 证明信 To whom it may concern: This is to certify that Mr. Wang Xiaochen has been employed in our company as a typist for the past three years. He has faithfully attended to his duties and has proved himself to be industrious and thoroughly reliable. Sincerely yours Ma Hongli To whom it may concern: This is to certify that Mr. Li Yikang is physically and mentally healthy. This statement is based on his health history and a recent physical check-up. My observation of his health condition is that he is capable of doing extensive hard work both manually and intellectually. Sincerely yours, Wang Guoliang