数学中国w, madio,net 122 The UMAP Journal 29.2(2008) bee choose probability of dying aged <5 years per 1,000 live births (under-5 mortality rate)by place (ruralor urban). Toour disappointment, data are not available or not applicable Africa, the Americas, and Europ Therefore, to analyze the healthcare system in the U. S, we use"infant mortality by race"to indicate inequity Table 7 Health inequity in the U.S.: Under-5 mortality in 2004 Under-5 mortality Normalized relative to Black/AA) White Black or African-American American Indian or Alaska Native Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic or Latino 65 Table 7 shows high variability, indicating disparity among races and consequent severe health inequity: Comparison of Healthcare Svstems We construct two models to compare the effectiveness of healthcare Model 1 Let EV, be the evaluation vector of system i: EV=(R,, I0), where R is ratio of Resources to Performance and l is the inequity index. Design of the Model We construct the comparison function f(EVI, EV2) R2-f1 l2-l1 max(R,, R2) max(I1, I2 The first term is the relative disparity of resources-performance ratio between two systems. The second term is the relative disparity of inequity index between two systems If f(EVI, EVa)>0, then system 1 is better than system 2. Model Expansion In our function, the two metrics-resources/ performance ratio and in- quity index-have equal weight. They could be weighted otherwise.数学中国 www.madio.net