○葡调目的常见科和李程至要科的特征。 目的 部兴器器益，w平 一、分科特行 以及青餐红损式。复限形状和省生位五。触角后状，外烟片的有无，前房有板的影软。前足基性窝类型，足的类型、图世数和形软。首后超类型。 二。分科检案表 豹翅目分科检素表 1前胸背侧维明显：腹部第1节腹板核后足基节窝完全分开 后足基节达髓边：第1板节不可见：触角多光：水生 前两背板比头窄：触角间距小于上唇的宽 前足最短，后足最长：复限正常】 不 Dde 星不长外雄2条：有外聘片 三锥象甲科Brentidae 7 .10 11附节隐5节 附节非隐5节 12 豆象科Bruchidae 天牛科Crabid 育面降起：老数种类有后基纷 .16 16前胸腹板有1个限形突 .17 前腹板无形实 18 6 1 19翰翻柔软 .20 ·鹬翅坚硬 20有发光：前背板多为圆形头前背背长住. .21 -22 触角非鰓片状 27 ,锹甲科Lucanidae 24 24后足径节1端距：小盾片常不可见：中足基节运离：触角8一9竹. ,金鱼甲科Scarabacidac 目 的 认识鞘翅目的常见科和掌握重要科的特征。 材 料 虎甲，步甲，龙虱，豉甲，水龟虫，隐翅虫，萤火虫（♀♂），鳃金龟，丽金龟，花金龟，独角仙（♀♂），锹甲（♀♂），叩头虫，吉丁虫，天 牛，叶甲，拟步甲，芫青，瓢虫，豆象，象甲，三锥象甲，小蠹虫，幼虫类型，以及本次实验各科示范标本。 内容与方法 一、分科特征 主要包括头式，复眼形状和着生位置，触角形状，外咽片的有无，前胸背板的形状，前足基节窝类型，足的类型、跗节数和形状，前后翅类型， 以及腹部节数等。 二、分科检索表 鞘翅目分科检索表 1 前胸背侧缝明显；腹部第1节腹板被后足基节窝完全分开················································································ 2 - 前胸很少有背侧缝；腹部第1节腹板不被后足基节窝完全分开········································································· 5 2 后足基节不达鞘翅边缘；第1腹节可见；触角丝状具毛；陆生········································································ 3 - 后足基节达鞘翅边缘；第1腹节不可见；触角多光滑；水生············································································· 4 3 前胸背板比头宽；触角间距大于上唇的宽·················································································· 步甲科Carabidae - 前胸背板比头窄；触角间距小于上唇的宽··············································································· 虎甲科Cicindelidae 4 前足长，中后足明显短于前足；每侧复眼分上下两部分························································· 豉甲科Gyrinidae - 前足最短，后足最长；复眼正常，不分成两部分····································································· 龙虱科Dytiscidae 5 头部延长呈喙状；外咽缝l条；无外咽片············································································································· 6 - 头部正常，不延长；外咽缝2条；有外咽片········································································································· 8 6 喙长又直，触角丝状·············································································································· 三锥象甲科Brentidae - 喙短，若较长即触角膝状 ········································································································································· 7 7 喙长又明显；前胸背板不包住头部；胫节外侧无齿列，端部也无弯距··························· 象甲科Curculionidae - 喙短，不明显；前胸背板包住头部一部分；胫节外侧具齿列或端部有弯距························· 小蠹科Scolytidae 8 下颚须长于或等于触角；中胸腹面有1个大纵刺·························································· 水龟虫科Hydrophilidae - 下颚须短于触角；中胸腹面无纵刺························································································································· 9 9 前足和中足跗节5节，后足跗节4节·················································································································· 10 - 各足跗节数相等 ······················································································································································· 11 10 前足基节窝后方封闭；爪不分裂······················································································· 拟步甲科Tenebrionidae - 前足基节窝后方开放；爪分裂为2叉状······················································································· 芫青科Meloidae 11 跗节隐5节 ······························································································································································ 12 跗节非隐5节 ·························································································································································· 14 12 头部短喙状；鞘翅短，腹末外露；前胸背板梯形；后足基节左右靠近································· 豆象科Bruchidae - 头部不呈喙状；鞘翅长，腹末多不外露；前胸背板长形；后足基节左右分开··············································· 13 13 复眼肾形，环绕触角；触角长于体长的一半······································································· 天牛科Cerambycidae - 复眼圆形，不环绕触角；触角短于体长的一半·································································· 叶甲科Chrysomelidae 14 鞘翅短，末端平截；腹末露出大部分··············································································· 隐翅虫科Staphylinidae - 鞘翅普通长形，末端不平截，盖住腹部大部分··································································································· 15 15 跗节隐4节；体半球形，背面隆起；多数种类有后基线···················································· 瓢虫科Coccinellidae - 跗节式5-5-5；无后基线 ········································································································································· 16 16 前胸腹板有1个楔形突 ·········································································································································· 17 - 前胸腹板无楔形突 ··················································································································································· 18 17 前胸背板与中胸连接紧密，不能动；前胸背板与鞘翅相接处不凹下······························ 吉丁虫科Buprestidae - 前胸背板与中胸连接不紧密，可动；前胸背板与鞘翅相接处凹下······································ 叩头虫科Elateridae 18 多有1个中单眼；后足基节有容纳腿节的槽；足极短，常缩于体下································· 皮蠹科Dermestidae - 无中单眼；后足基节无容纳腿节的槽，若有此槽，则足不短··········································································· 19 19 鞘翅柔软 ·································································································································································· 20 - 鞘翅坚硬 ··································································································································································· 21 20 有发光器；前胸背板多为半圆形；头常被前胸背板盖住·························································· 萤科Lampyridae - 无发光器；前胸背板多为方形；头不被前胸背板盖住··························································· 花萤科Cantharidae 21 触角鳃片状 ······························································································································································ 22 - 触角非鳃片状 ··························································································································································· 27 22 触角鳃片部各节不呈叶形，不能相互并合；雄虫上颚发达如鹿角状····································· 锹甲科Lucanidae - 触角鳃片部各节呈扁平叶形，能相互并合；雄虫上颚正常··············································································· 23 23 腹部气门全部为鞘翅所覆盖·································································································································· 24 - 腹部气门不全部为鞘翅所覆盖······························································································································· 25 24后足胫节1端距；小盾片常不可见；中足基节远离；触角8～9节································ 金龟甲科Scarabaeidae