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第11期 王洪江等:一株产氨浸铜细菌的分离与鉴定 ·1447· 图9. 参考文献 50 ·一接种20%浓度细南浸矿 [1]Zhan X S.Zhou Y.Study on the processing technology for refrac- 。一无菌浸矿 tory copper oxide ore.Met Ore Dressing Abroad,2009 (1/2):16 40 (詹信顺,周源.难选氧化铜矿石的处理技术研究.国外金属 矿选矿,2009(1/2):16) 竖30 2] Muir D M.A review of the selective leaching of gold from oxidised copper-gold ores with ammonia-eyanide and new insights for plant 20 control and operation.Miner Eng,2011,24(6):576 B]Park K H,Mohapatra D,Reddy B R,et al.Ramachandra Red- dy,et al.A study on the oxidative ammonia/ammonium sulphate leaching of a complex (Cu-Ni-Co-Fe)matte.Hydrometallurgy 2007,86(3/4):164 20 406080100120140160180 4) Yan JL,Wu A X,Wang H J,et al.Mechanism of incrustation 时间h and anti-incrustation during acidic leaching process.Met Mine 图9产氨细菌浸矿铜浸出率变化规律 2010(10):68 Fig.9 Variation of copper leaching rate with ammonia producing (严佳龙,吴爱祥,王洪江,等.酸法堆浸中矿石结垢及防垢 strain 机理研究.金属矿山,2010(10):68) [5]Liu D X,Zhao B Z,Jiang K X,et al.Study on treatment of Tang- 从图9可以看出:在无菌组浸矿实验中,铜的浸 dan refractory copper oxide ore with high content of alkali gangues. 出率没有明显变化,在120h铜的浸出率仅为 Min Metall,2003,12(2):49 7.26%.在细菌的作用下,浸出进行36h时铜浸出 (刘大星,赵炳智,蒋开喜,等.汤丹高碱性脉石难选氧化铜 率升高速度增大,144h铜浸出率最高达到42.38%; 矿的试验研究和工业实践.矿治,2003,12(2):49) 6 随着时间的延长,铜浸出率出现下降趋势,这可能是 Zhao G D.Wu C.Wu H S.Study on Agitation leaching of high- 由于随着浸出的进行,矿浆体系中pH值不断升高, alkaline and low-grade oxidized copper ore.Min Res Der,2010, 30(3):55 细菌代谢产物也不断积累,浸出的铜离子生成胶状 (招国栋,吴超,伍横山.高碱性低品位氧化铜矿搅拌浸出研 化合物或被微生物代谢产物吸附,影响铜离子质量 究.矿业研究与开发,2010,30(3):55) 浓度的检测.根据以上规律,浸出144h后更换新鲜 1 Yin S H,Wu A X.Qiu GZ.Bioleaching of low-grade copper sul- 浸出剂,能避免铜的损失,提高铜的回收率 phides.Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China,2008,18(3):707 K] Saha M L,Alam A,Khan M R,et al.Bacteriological,physical 3结论 and chemical properties of the Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant's wa- ter.Dhaka Unir J Biol Sci,2012,21(1):1 (1)从土壤中分离得到一株能代谢脲酶分解尿 9]Cong PT,Dung T D,Hien T M,et al.Inoculant plant growth- 素的产氨细菌,革兰氏阴性,杆状,尺寸为(0.4± promoting microorganisms enhance utilisation of urea-N and grain 0.05)μm×(1.50.05)μm.结合16 S rDNA测定 yield of paddy rice in southem Vietnam.Eur J Soil Biol,2009,4 (1):52 和菌株系统发育树分析,鉴定为Providencia Sp.(普 [10]Shu M,Browngardt C M,Chen YY M,et al.Role of Urease 罗威登斯菌属),与相近菌株Providencia sp.Sam Enzymes in stability of a 10-species oral biofilm consortium culti- 1309A同源性99%,命名为JAT-1. vated in a constant-depth film fermenter.Infect Immun,2003,71 (2)实验结果表明,JAT-1最佳生长条件为以 (12):7188 10gL1柠檬酸钠为碳源、20g·L1尿素为氮源、pH [11]Huang G S,Liu G Z,Duan D X,et al.Effects of ammonia pro- ducing bacteria on corrosion of B30.Corros Prot,2005,26(8): 8.5~9.0、初始接种浓度20%. 333 (3)最佳生长条件下细菌生长和产氨规律表 (黄国胜,刘光洲,段东霞,等.产氨菌对B30铜镍合金腐蚀 明,产氨细菌生长延滞期较短,培养24~48h为细 的影响.腐蚀与防护,2005,26(8):333) 菌生长对数期,72h后细菌开始衰亡,培养60h后氨 [12]Groudeva VI,Krumova K,Groudev S N.Bioleaching of a rich- 的质量浓度达到最高. in-earbonates copper ore at alkaline pH.Ade Mater Res,2007, 20:103 (4)产氨细菌对碱性铜矿的浸出作用明显,采 [13]Thacker U,Parikh R,Shouche Y,et al.Hexavalent chromium 用最佳生长条件下培养的产氨细菌,在一定条件下 reduction by Providencia sp.Process Biochemistry,2006,41 浸出碱性铜矿,144h后铜浸出率最高可达42.38%. (6):1332第 11 期 王洪江等: 一株产氨浸铜细菌的分离与鉴定 图 9. 图 9 产氨细菌浸矿铜浸出率变化规律 Fig. 9 Variation of copper leaching rate with ammonia producing strain 从图 9 可以看出: 在无菌组浸矿实验中,铜的浸 出率没有明显变化,在 120 h 铜 的 浸 出 率 仅 为 7. 26% . 在细菌的作用下,浸出进行 36 h 时铜浸出 率升高速度增大,144 h 铜浸出率最高达到42. 38% ; 随着时间的延长,铜浸出率出现下降趋势,这可能是 由于随着浸出的进行,矿浆体系中 pH 值不断升高, 细菌代谢产物也不断积累,浸出的铜离子生成胶状 化合物或被微生物代谢产物吸附,影响铜离子质量 浓度的检测. 根据以上规律,浸出 144 h 后更换新鲜 浸出剂,能避免铜的损失,提高铜的回收率. 3 结论 ( 1) 从土壤中分离得到一株能代谢脲酶分解尿 素的产氨细菌,革兰氏阴性,杆状,尺寸为( 0. 4 ! 0. 05) μm × ( 1. 5 !0. 05) μm. 结合 16S rDNA 测定 和菌株系统发育树分析,鉴定为 Providencia Sp. ( 普 罗威登斯菌属) ,与相近菌株 Providencia sp. Sam 130--9A 同源性 99% ,命名为 JAT--1. ( 2) 实验结果表明,JAT--1 最佳生长条件为以 10 g·L - 1柠檬酸钠为碳源、20 g·L - 1尿素为氮源、pH 8. 5 ~ 9. 0、初始接种浓度 20% . ( 3) 最佳生长条件下细菌生长和产氨规律表 明,产氨细菌生长延滞期较短,培养 24 ~ 48 h 为细 菌生长对数期,72 h 后细菌开始衰亡,培养 60 h 后氨 的质量浓度达到最高. ( 4) 产氨细菌对碱性铜矿的浸出作用明显,采 用最佳生长条件下培养的产氨细菌,在一定条件下 浸出碱性铜矿,144 h 后铜浸出率最高可达 42. 38% . 参 考 文 献 [1] Zhan X S,Zhou Y. Study on the processing technology for refrac￾tory copper oxide ore. Met Ore Dressing Abroad,2009( 1 /2) : 16 ( 詹信顺,周源. 难选氧化铜矿石的处理技术研究. 国外金属 矿选矿,2009( 1 /2) : 16) [2] Muir D M. A review of the selective leaching of gold from oxidised copper-gold ores with ammonia-cyanide and new insights for plant control and operation. Miner Eng,2011,24( 6) : 576 [3] Park K H,Mohapatra D,Reddy B R,et al. Ramachandra Red￾dy,et al. A study on the oxidative ammonia /ammonium sulphate leaching of a complex ( Cu-Ni-Co-Fe) matte. Hydrometallurgy, 2007,86( 3 /4) : 164 [4] Yan J L,Wu A X,Wang H J,et al. Mechanism of incrustation and anti-incrustation during acidic leaching process. Met Mine, 2010( 10) : 68 ( 严佳龙,吴爱祥,王洪江,等. 酸法堆浸中矿石结垢及防垢 机理研究. 金属矿山,2010( 10) : 68) [5] Liu D X,Zhao B Z,Jiang K X,et al. Study on treatment of Tang￾dan refractory copper oxide ore with high content of alkali gangues. Min Metall,2003,12( 2) : 49 ( 刘大星,赵炳智,蒋开喜,等. 汤丹高碱性脉石难选氧化铜 矿的试验研究和工业实践. 矿冶,2003,12( 2) : 49) [6] Zhao G D,Wu C,Wu H S. Study on Agitation leaching of high￾alkaline and low-grade oxidized copper ore. Min Res Dev,2010, 30( 3) : 55 ( 招国栋,吴超,伍横山. 高碱性低品位氧化铜矿搅拌浸出研 究. 矿业研究与开发,2010,30( 3) : 55) [7] Yin S H,Wu A X,Qiu G Z. Bioleaching of low-grade copper sul￾phides. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China,2008,18( 3) : 707 [8] Saha M L,Alam A,Khan M R,et al. Bacteriological,physical and chemical properties of the Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant's wa￾ter. Dhaka Univ J Biol Sci,2012,21( 1) : 1 [9] Cong P T,Dung T D,Hien T M,et al. Inoculant plant growth￾promoting microorganisms enhance utilisation of urea-N and grain yield of paddy rice in southern Vietnam. Eur J Soil Biol,2009,4 ( 1) : 52 [10] Shu M,Browngardt C M,Chen Y Y M,et al. Role of Urease Enzymes in stability of a 10-species oral biofilm consortium culti￾vated in a constant-depth film fermenter. Infect Immun,2003,71 ( 12) : 7188 [11] Huang G S,Liu G Z,Duan D X,et al. Effects of ammonia pro￾ducing bacteria on corrosion of B30. Corros Prot,2005,26( 8) : 333 ( 黄国胜,刘光洲,段东霞,等. 产氨菌对 B30 铜镍合金腐蚀 的影响. 腐蚀与防护,2005,26( 8) : 333) [12] Groudeva V I,Krumova K,Groudev S N. Bioleaching of a rich￾in-carbonates copper ore at alkaline pH. Adv Mater Res,2007, 20: 103 [13] Thacker U,Parikh R,Shouche Y,et al. Hexavalent chromium reduction by Providencia sp. Process Biochemistry,2006,41 ( 6) : 1332 · 7441 ·
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