[Key:beauty love] and insisted that theory should follow _This is different 5.Plato's Republic was about the state ruled by a but from Plato's reliance on thinking. barring poets. [Key:direct /fact /subjective] [Key:ideal philosopher] 2.Also,Aristotle thought that "form"(=idea)and matter together. 6.Plato's comprehensive system of philosophy dealt with,among other made up concrete individual realities.Here,too,he differed from Plato things,the problem of how,in the complex,ever-changing world, who held that ideas had a reality than the physical world. men were to attain [Key:higher] [Key:knowledge] What is Aristotle's most influential writing to students of literature?(p 28) 7.The reply Plato gave (to the problem of how men were to attain 1.To students of literature,Aristotle's most influential writing is knowledge)was:men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general“ideas'”,like__ [Key:Poetics] LKey:beauty truth goodness] d.Contending Schools of Thought (pp.29-31) 8.According to Plato,only such "ideas"as beauty,truth,goodness are completely while the world is only relatively real. i.The Sophists(sofrsts/诡辩派)(p.29) 1.The most eminent of the Sophists was Protagoras (/prou'tegras/ [Key:real /physical] 塔哥拉)，born about500B.C.He is chiefly noted for his doctrine 9.Plato's philosophy is called Idealism because [Key:in his system of philosophy only such"ideas"as beauty.truth and that“". goodness are regarded as completely real while the physical world is [Key:man is the measure of all things] regarded as only relatively real] i.The Cynics(siniks/犬儒派)(p.29) c.Aristotle(384-322B.C.)(eeristol1/亚里士多德)(pp.27-28) l.The word“cynic'”means“_"in Greek. 1.Of Aristotle's numerous works,the following are perhaps still [Key:dog] important to scholars and general readers alike: 2.The Cynics got their because Diogenes (about 412-323 B. ,and C.)(aar'od3tniz/第欧根尼)，one of their leaders,decided to live [Key:Ethics(《伦理学》)/Politics(《政治学)/Poetics(《诗学)/ like a dog. Rhetoric(《修辞学)] [Key:name] 2.Aristotle's Ethics was an introduction to philosophy. 3.Diogenes rejected all [Key:moral] [Key:conventions] 3.Aristotle's Poetics was a treatise on theory. 4.Diogenes advocated in life. [Key:literary] [Key:self-sufficiency and extreme simplicity] 4.Aristotle's Rhetoric dealt with the art of an audience. 5.Diogenes proclaimed his not only with the whole human [Key:persuading] race,but also with In what way or ways did Aristotle differ from his teacher Plato?(p.28) [Key:brotherhood /animals] 1.For one thing,Aristotle'emphasized observation of nature 6.On the other hand,Diogenes had no patience with the and 8 9 01名5