太平天国战争与汉人督抚的媚起 Figure 2:Bureaucratic sanctions and internal conflicts 8 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 year year Average ratio of sanction for provincial governors Average ratio of promotion for provincial governors Number of internal conflicts Number of internal conflicts Notes:In both graphs,the y-axis on the rights indicates the total number of internal conflicts in all provinces.In the left panel,the y-axis on the left indicates the average chance of sanction (removal or demotion),and the y- axis on the right shows the average chance of promotion.All lines are lowess smoothed. Xi Tianyang,"All the Emperor's Men?Conflicts and Power-sharing in Imperial China"2018.Comparative Political Studies.Forthcoming• Xi Tianyang, “All the Emperor’s Men? Conflicts and Power-sharing in Imperial China” 2018. Comparative Political Studies. Forthcoming