总督、巡抚s大学士、军机处 Figure 3:The changes in the ratios of Han officials and internal conflicts nationwide 8 8 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 year year ratio-Han Governors-general -----ratio-Han Governors ratio-Han grand secretariats---ratio-Han grand council members Number-internal conflicts Number-internal conficts Notes:In both panels,the y-axis on the left indicates the ratio of Han bureaucrats,and the y-axis on the rights indicates the total number of internal conflicts in all provinces.In the left panel,the solid line corresponds to Han governors-general,the dashed line corresponds to Han governors.In the right panel,the solid line corresponds to Han grand secretariats,and the dashed line corresponds to Han grand council members.All lines are lowess smoothed