Glossary vii Glossary BME Black and Minority Ethnic Correspondence testing The sending of multiple matched written applications to real job vacancies with the variable of interest (ethnicity in our case) randomly assigned. cv Curriculum Vitae (or resume) Ethnic penalties In the labour market outcome literature,a term used to refer to the poorer labour market outcomes observed for ethnic minorities, even where factors such as educational attainment and age are taken into account. Net discrimination In our analysis,the number of instances of discrimination against a particular ethnic group that exceeds the number of instances of discrimination in its favour. Statistical discrimination Process by which discriminatory outcomes occur as a result of employers making decisions based on perceptions that race is correlated with job-relevant factors,such as communication skills and motivation.In this way it is different to preference-based discrimination.Glossary vii Glossary BME Black and Minority Ethnic Correspondence testing The sending of multiple matched written applications to real job vacancies with the variable of interest (ethnicity in our case) randomly assigned. CV Curriculum Vitae (or résumé) Ethnic penalties In the labour market outcome literature, a term used to refer to the poorer labour market outcomes observed for ethnic minorities, even where factors such as educational attainment and age are taken into account. Net discrimination In our analysis, the number of instances of discrimination against a particular ethnic group that exceeds the number of instances of discrimination in its favour. Statistical discrimination Process by which discriminatory outcomes occur as a result of employers making decisions based on perceptions that race is correlated with job-relevant factors, such as communication skills and motivation. In this way it is different to preference-based discrimination